tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73375537649472800862024-02-20T00:52:02.607-08:00Blank lined writing paperPaper 2 Question Ib Chemistry Topic 11Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-37165908262523972482020-08-25T09:10:00.001-07:002020-08-25T09:10:07.220-07:00My worse day everMy most noticeably terrible day at any point was the day my sibling dropped out the window, and nearly kicked the bucket. My siblings name is All. He was conceived on January 9, 2004 and Is the fourth kid in our family. He was eight and a half long stretches of old. Everything occurred on Tuesday September 11, 2012. My day started Like some other day not recognizing what was covered up for me, I believed this would have been an incredible day. I had no Clue about that my sibling was going to tumble from the second floor window and nearly bite the dust. In this exposition I will educate you about how my day started, to how he fell and what occurred toward the end. I went to class like consistently and came home.When I showed up home we were informed that visitors may come over, so I cleaned the house and got dressed. After we finished cleaning we had our supper. During the supper the kids had made a significant wreckage under the table so I went upstairs to get the vacuum. My room was close to the room where all the young men rested. There were five young men that rested in that room since we lived with our cousins. It was difficult to have beds so they had five sleeping pads on the floor but since we needed to vacuum we put three against one divider and corresponding to that divider and put the other two under the window.As went through the rooms I saw my sibling All and cousin Mustang were hurling themselves and Jumping on the bedding from one divider to the next. As I got the vacuum and left my room toward the edge of my eye I saw my cousin Mustangs face. His face was red and he appear as though he was frightened. I've at no point ever observed a small kid frightened in that manner. I detected something incorrectly in this way, I started to search for All be that as it may, there was no sight of him. All I saw was the open window and strangely, the screen was half ripped off. I let go of the vacuum and hurried to the window.I scarcely observed anything, al I saw was his arm, I felt my heart drop. On the off chance that somebody to hit me at that point there would not have been even a solitary drop of blood that is the manner by which super cold and stunned I was. As I ran down the steps I was speechless. Without deduction I gulped and yelledâ⬠All Fell Out The Window Yummy!! ââ¬Å". My sister summer and I said It simultaneously in light of the fact that she was down steps and saw him from the first floor window. My mom was In the kitchen doing the dishes, when she heard her face changed In shading and she tumbled to the ground In tears not comprehending what to do.My Aunt immediately ran steps to tell my uncle who has quite recently entered the shower following a long hot day at work. Everybody in the house was crying as though he had passed on. Everything was in the patio laying face down on the solid floor. Nobody needed to head outside and see him for the dread of him being dead. I couldn't Just forget about him there so I ran o ut. I opened the terrace entryway and went close to him. I started to cry as saw him laying there. I felt as though the world had finished. I told my self Hess alive. I felt him breathing yet he was unconscious.Suddenly he woke up and started to attempt to get p so I got him in my arms and opened the entryway. SSL went into the house his temple and his nose started to drain. I went towards the front room and sat on the table with All In my lap and soon he started to cry since he saw everybody crying. My mom was crazy so I hollered at her, and advised her to get a towel and wipe the blood of his face. She did that while my uncle called the emergency vehicle and my dad. Hurt? ââ¬Å". All answered in tears and a feeble voice ââ¬Å"l don't need shots! I don't need shots! ââ¬Å".Through all that torment his lone dread was to get shot. The police showed up and, a couple of moments later the rescue vehicle did as well. They came in and enveloped All by a bed and took him. My mom went wi th, I needed to go with her yet the police continued asking me inquiries. They expected this had been intentionally done and they needed to hold us under observation. I needed to tell the police everything and give them everything till they comprehended what occurred and left. I was distant from everyone else at home with all the children, who were up steps stowing away in my room and crying from dread that All could have been dead.I went upstairs to comfort them and to disclose to them that All was ââ¬Å"Okay' ND to Just make flop for him to get back home soon. After quite a while of standing by anxiously my mother at long last called my auntie and revealed to her beginning and end. My auntie appeared to be unique and her face got pale however she attempted to act ordinary. At the point when she finished the call I asked her what occurred. She revealed to me that All crushed his spirit, neck and, cheek bone and that he probably won't be ever ready to walk again. I started to cry t hen she asked me not to tell the children or anybody. She likewise said that the specialists will be taking one last x-beam to choose the outcome.That night I spent it altogether making flop and leaving everybody I know to make failure and request that others make failure. That night was amazingly long, I was unable to hold up till morning to hear what occurred. Morning came and nobody called. I sat on the sofa peering out the window and Just imaging All getting back home generally improved then out of nowhere the telephone rang. My uncle this time replied and he looked astounded for reasons unknown. I held up till he hung up and afterward saw him hanging tight for him to state something. At that point he said ââ¬Å"All is fine and is returning home tonightâ⬠. I took a gander at him and said ââ¬Å"How? What do you mean by better. He answered â⬠Its a wonder ! Intruding on him I said ââ¬Å"what is? ââ¬Å"After the subsequent x beam the specialists discovered nothing bro ken except for his wrist. Nobody trusted it, they had five specialists come in and check. ââ¬Å". I was flabbergasted â⬠Allah had acknowledged our duds! â⬠I answered. I felt that the time was passing by gradually. They said they'll be here before seven however it was presently seven thirty. We held up till eight and afterward they at long last came. At the point when I saw my sibling I started to cry my auntie requested that I stop so I went to wash my face and returned steps and, invested energy with my family. That was my most noticeably terrible day ever. I get it wound up okay since my sibling didn't pass on. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-69786499553921178462020-08-22T03:59:00.001-07:002020-08-22T03:59:15.516-07:00The Extinction of Baiji Essay Example for FreeThe Extinction of Baiji Essay The Baiji, otherwise called the Chinese River Dolphin, are a piece of the family Plantanistiade, the stream dolphin family. They had exsited in the Yangtze River in China for thousand of years. In any case, the Baiji was as of late pronounced wiped out. The baijiââ¬â¢s end can be credited to over angling, its deadly condition and the Great Leap Forward in China. Inordinate and illicit angling was an extraordinary danger to the baijiââ¬â¢s lifestyle. Electric angling and the angling strategy called ââ¬Å"rolling hooksâ⬠were been prohibited in China. In any case, anglers on the Yangtze River despite everything use them out of comfort, and requirement of the boycott was troublesome. The master Zhou states, ââ¬Å"This (electic) angling technique, in which an under waterdevice is utilized to stagger oceanic creatures, slaughters any living being induding what was at one time the dolphinââ¬â¢s prey.â⬠40 percent of Dolphins passings were because of this sort of angling yearly (Gerg Ruland). Moreover, moving snares, ââ¬Å"long, twisted lines with various sharp snares are intended to get fish, caused various baiji death.â⬠For whatever length of time that the baiji was gotten by one of the snares, it would battle with all the more moving snares. At last, the blood flew out of the baijiââ¬â¢s body, and it would kick the bucket. (Memorial for a Freashwater Dolphin) . The earth in the Yangtze River, where the baiji had settled its natural surroundings in, was deadly to the baiji. Traffic on the Yangtza River, which is the busiest on the planet, harmed the tryout of the baiji. Lovgren in his article expresses that, ââ¬Å"The huge boat traffic on the Yangtze, one of the worldââ¬â¢s busiest conduits, puzzles the sonic wave that the about visually impaired dolphin used to rely upon to discover food.â⬠Moreover, the pontoons on the Yangtze pulled in some of the baiji to slam into propellers, since the propellers delivered a significant part of the sound wave and confounded the baijiââ¬â¢s tryout (Ruland). Another assignable reason that crushed the baijiââ¬â¢s living space was dams along the Y angtze River. Thes dams additionally obliterated the environment of the stream. What's more, when the greatest dam, the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Dam in 1994, started to be developed, this ââ¬Å"wreaked devastation on the baijiââ¬â¢s remaining living space. In 1997, just 13 baiji remainedâ⬠(The Tragedy of the Yangtze River Dolphin). Individuals exploit the important nature assets, living close by the Yangtze. In any case, in view of the unnecessary use, the baiji couldn't get by in the dying condition lastly bite the dust. In any case, neither Chinese individuals nor the Chinese government remembered the assurance of the species during the timespan of the Great Leap Forward, which was an ideal opportunity to change China into a cutting edge, industrialized socialist society. The baijiââ¬â¢s populace declined drastically at that point. The baiji was reproved for their verifiable status, ââ¬Å"Goddess of the Yangtze Riverâ⬠(Smith, et al). Thus individuals were urged to slaughter the baiji, since the narrative of this species was viewed as a piece of odd notion and feudalism. The baiji likewise executed for their white skin and flesh(Smith, et al) . It was urged for the contemporary to slaughter the baiji, since they treat baiji as their benefit and the image of the awful conventional impact. All in all, the elimination of the baiji came about because of human exercises. Individuals who live close by the Yangtze improved their live relied upon the crushing the baijiââ¬â¢s living space and catching the baiji. The deplorability of the baijiââ¬â¢s annihilation included some major disadvantages while the expectation for everyday comforts of individuals was advanced. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-37197712259253820272020-08-01T07:50:00.001-07:002020-08-01T07:50:03.182-07:00Lithium as Treatment for Bipolar DisorderLithium as Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Lithium as Treatment for Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 12, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights GARO / Getty Images Lithium is prescribed as a mood stabilizer for people who have bipolar disorder. It acts to help control the mania, hypomania, depression, and psychosis associated with the condition.?? Lithium is a naturally occurring element that was found, in the late 1800s, to have mood-stabilizing properties. The first paper on using lithium to treat what was then called manic depression was published in 1949. The FDA approved lithium in 1970. Even now, the specific way lithium helps people with bipolar disorder is complex and not fully understood. When Is Lithium Prescribed? This drug is formally approved to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder when symptoms such as grandiosity, racing thoughts, hypersexuality, delusions, hallucinations, and decreased need for sleep appear. However, it has also been shown to help with depressive symptoms, psychotic features, and mixed episodes. Some research has shown that lithium can also be useful in treating unipolar depression (depression without the mania seen in bipolar disorder) when added to one or more other depression medications, so doctors sometimes prescribe it for this, too.?? When Should Lithium Not Be Prescribed? Lithium can damage your kidneys, especially with long-term use.?? All patients should be screened for kidney problems before starting lithium and should be screened regularly while taking it as well. If significant kidney problems show up in the initial testing, lithium should be prescribed only with great care and close monitoring. If kidney problems develop later, your doctor may consider discontinuing lithium, since it may be possible to reverse the damage once you stop taking the medication. There are several medical conditions and circumstances that also require particular caution when lithium is prescribed: Diuretic useACE inhibitor useSignificant heart or vascular diseaseSevere dehydration; sodium and electrolyte abnormalities Early studies indicate lithium may also be safe and effective for treatment of bipolar symptoms in children and adolescents.?? Warnings About Lithium There are several important warnings for people taking lithium. These include: Blood levels of lithium must be monitored regularly. This medication can be toxic if the level of the element in your blood gets too high. Symptoms of an overdose include diarrhea, vomiting, tremor, mild problems walking, drowsiness, or muscular weakness.?? Report any of these symptoms to a doctor immediately.Taking lithium for bipolar disorder may cause a condition called lithium nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI).?? This is a rare disease in which your kidneys fail to recirculate water, leading to excessive urination. If you notice that you are very thirsty and are urinating too often, call your doctor immediately to report your symptoms.If you will be put under an anesthetic â" say, for a surgery â" make sure the doctors know you are taking lithium.Lithium is known to cause congenital disabilities,?? and the risk is increased if another mood stabilizer (such as carbamazepine) is taken with it. If you are of childbearing age, are pregnant, or become pregnant while taking lithiu m, discuss this with your doctor. Lithium is excreted in breast milk, so women are advised not to breastfeed infants while taking this medication. Precautions Make sure you maintain normal fluid and salt intake when taking lithium. Dehydration or low levels of sodium in the blood may be dangerous.Prolonged sweating, diarrhea, or a high fever can cause your tolerance to lithium to decrease and may require medical treatment. Check with your doctor if you have any of these symptoms.Lithium can cause hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.?? Your doctor should check your blood calcium levels periodically, as these are connected to the workings of the parathyroid gland, as well as for underactive thyroid. Drugs to Avoid When Taking Lithium There is a long list of medications that may interact negatively with lithium or increase the risk of side effects. Some drugs that are commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder fall into this category. They include: Calcium channel blockers (the interaction may be serious)Clozapine (Clozaril)Cymbalta (duloxetine)Celexa (citalopram)Lexapro (escitalopram)Luvox (fluvoxamine)Paxil (paroxetine)Prozac (fluoxetine) (requires close monitoring by your doctor)Risperdal (risperidone)Tegretol (carbamazepine) (the interaction may be serious)Zoloft (sertraline)Zyprexa (olanzapine) People who are taking lithium should also avoid taking NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen) on a regular basis, diuretics such as HCTZ (used in hypertension) and furosemide (in heart failure), and ACE inhibitors (blood pressure).?? Also, tetracyclines can increase blood levels, while using large amounts of caffeine may actually decrease blood levels. Lithium Side Effects The most common side effects of lithium, which may go away after initial use, are:?? Increased frequency of urination or loss of bladder controlIncreased thirstMild nauseaSlight trembling of hands Weight gain over time is also common. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-43000745919086544592020-05-22T22:19:00.001-07:002020-05-22T22:19:02.864-07:00Xerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing - 1068 Words Frame: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xeroxââ¬â¢s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer care, transaction processing, finance and accounting, and human resources to a broad range of firms and organizations. The BPO services segment is focused on providing support functions to select business groups and industries including healthcare, commercial industries, public sector, and government healthcare. Through its healthcare provider solutions, the firm supports health providers operating in varying capacities to better access patient data, comply with industry regulations, reduce administrative costs, and provide better healthcare services. To commercial and public sector entities, Xerox provides support with transportation and logistics, electronic toll collection, parking management, health and human services, administrative support, and various taxation related functions. Xerox also offers many of these services across major global markets. Document Outsourcing: In its document outsourcing capacity Xerox offers both managed print services and centralized print services.Show MoreRelatedXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words à |à 7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xeroxââ¬â¢s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words à |à 7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. 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This strategy allowed Canon to sell Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-80771076237062113482020-05-10T16:14:00.001-07:002020-05-10T16:14:03.225-07:00Phrase Structure Grammar Definition and Explanation Phrase structure grammar is a type of generative grammar in which constituent structures are represented by phrase structure rules or rewrite rules. Some of the different versions of phrase structure grammar (including head-driven phrase structure grammar) are considered in examples and observations below. A phrase structure (or constituent) functions as the base component in the classic form of transformational grammar introduced by Noam Chomsky in the late 1950s. Since the mid-1980s, however, lexical-function grammar (LFG), categorial grammar (CG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) have developed into well-worked-out alternatives to transformational grammar Examples and Observations The underlying structure of a sentence or a phrase is sometimes called its phrase structure or phrase marker. . . . Phrase-structure rules provide us with the underlying syntactic structure of sentences we both produce and comprehend. . . .There are different types of phrase-structure grammar. Context-free grammars contain only rules that are not specified for particular contexts, whereas context-sensitive grammars can have rules that can only be applied in certain circumstances. In a context-free rule, the left-hand symbol can always be rewritten by the right-hand one regardless of the context in which it occurs. For example, the writing of a verb in its singular or plural form depends on the context of the preceding noun phrase. Rewrite Rules The idea of a PSG [phrase structure grammar] is simple. We first note what syntactic categories appear to exist in a given language, and what different internal structures each of these can have. Then, for each such structure, we write a rule that displays that structure. So, for example, an English sentenceà typically consists of a noun phrase followed by a verb phrase (as in My sister bought a car), and we, therefore, write a phrase-structure rule as follows: Sââ âNP VP This says that a sentence may consist of a noun phrase followed by a verb phrase. . . . We continue in this way until we have a rule for every structure in the language.Now the set of rules can be used to generate sentences. Starting with S (for sentence), we apply some suitable rule to tell us what units the sentence consists of, and then to each of those units we apply a further rule to tell us what units it consists of, and so on. A phrase structure grammar consists of a set of ordered rules known as rewrite rules, which are applied stepwise. A rewrite rule has a single symbol on the left and one or more symbols on the right: Aââ âBCCââ âD More than one symbol on the right constitutes a string. The arrow is read as is rewritten as, has as its constituents, consists of, or is expanded as. The plus sign is read as followed by, but it is often omitted. The rule may also be depicted in the form of a tree diagram...The phrase structure rules also allow for choices. The optional choices are indicated with parentheses: Aââ â(B)C This rule reads that A is expanded as optionally B and obligatorily C. In every rewrite rule, at least one element must be obligatory. There may also be mutually exclusive choices of elements in a string; these are indicated with curly braces:à Aââ â{B,C} This rule states that if you choose B, you cant choose C, but you must choose oneââ¬âeither B or C, but not both. Whether the mutually exclusive items are written on one line separated by commas or on separate lines does not matter, as long as they occur within braces. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) has evolved as a synthesis of ideas from a number of theoretical sources, including generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), categorial grammar, and formal theories of data structure representation . . .. HPSG uses a fundamental theoretical strategy made familiar by GPSG: the enumeration of a class of objects, corresponding to expressions of some natural language, and a set of constraints whose interaction enforces the appropriate covariation of formal properties reflecting the dependencies that any grammar of that language must capture.A head-driven phrase structure grammar of some language defines the set of signs (form/meaning/correspondences) which that language comprises. The formal entities that model signs in HPSG are complex objects called feature structures, whose form is limited by a set of constraints--some universal and some language parochial. The interaction of these constraints defines the grammatical structure of each su ch sign and the morphosyntactic dependencies which hold between its subcomponents. Given a specific set of such constraints, and a lexicon providing at least one feature structure description for each word in the language, an infinite number of signs is recursively characterized. Sources Borsley and Bà ¶rjars,à Non-Transformational Syntax, 2011.Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000R.L. Trask, Language, and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed., edited by Peter Stockwell. Routledge, 2007Trevor A. Harley,à The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory, 4th edition. Psychology Press, 2014Georgia M. Green and Robert D. Levine, Introduction toà Studies in Contemporary Phrase Structure Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 1999 Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-81298156059064014362020-05-06T10:52:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:52:23.530-07:00Child Observation Report Free Essays string(29) " to answer simple questions\." Such studies are inducted by scientists or researchers wanting to study the behavior of an organism (including humans) in a natural setting. It can be useful in collecting data that clearly reflects the constraints of an organismââ¬â¢s normal environment and in the case where experimental techniques would be impractical or unethical. This report outlines the data collected during the sessions with each child. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Observation Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Will refer to Pigletââ¬â¢s Cognitive Development Theory to demonstrate how it is useful in determining different stages of development. I will also outline my observations of both children in terms of where they fit in regards to Pigletââ¬â¢s Cognitive Development Theory. Setting My observations were of two siblings; a four year old girl and a five year old boy. I made arrangements to do the observation through a friend of mine, who has two children under the age of six. I have known this family for three years. The first observation was of the four year old girl (M), which took place on August 19, 2014 starting at 2:23 pm outside in the backyard of their home. Present was her older brother (T ââ¬â 5 years old), her mother (J), a female friend of the family (C), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself. The backyard was quite large with a large play center with a swing set attached. The sky was a little clouded over, but it was still warm outside. The adults were sitting on the deck around the patio table. The children were told was there to do some work. They did not really pay too much attention to me. I interacted a little with the adults at the table so that I did not seem out of place to the children. My presence did not seem to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that I could see the children at all times. The second observation was of the five ear old boy I made arrangements with the mother to do the second observation with this child later the same week. The observation took place on August 22, 2014 at 1:08 pm outside in the backyard of their home. This family is preparing to move in one week; therefore the backyard Was the best place to do the observation at the home. Present was his younger sister (M- 4 years old), his mother 0), a medium sized German shepherd, who is the family dog (K) and myself. The backyard was quite large with a large play center with a swing set attached. The sky was a little clouded over, but it was till warm outside. The mother and I were sitting on the deck around the patio table. The children were told I was there again to do some work. They again did not really pay too much attention to me. I interacted a little with their mother at the table so that did not seem out of place to the children. My presence did not seem to affect the children at all. Sat with my chair facing the whole backyard so that could see the children at all times. Results l. Self-concept: M pointed out that she did her hair all by herself when C arrived and M also showed C her new purse. M also shows the ability to scribe how she is feeling about her brother s actions, ââ¬Å"l don ââ¬Ët like it when T hits me with his swordâ⬠or when she tells T, ââ¬Å"I want to be alone right nowâ⬠. . Gross Motor Skills: M demonstrated gross motor skills indicative off normal 4 year old. During the time of observation she displayed running around the backyard both with her brother and with the family dog, walking over to the play center, climbing over the chair on the deck, somersaults in the grass and jumping off the chair and off the family friendââ¬â¢s lap. Ill. Fine Motor Skills: M demonstrated normal fine motor skills. She cut open her fruit knack package with scissors without difficulty. She put on her own shoes (fastened believer) on the correct feet before going outside to play. IV. Vocal Language Development: M demonstrated the ability to form sentences more than 4 to 6 words. For example; ââ¬Å"l told you I want to be aloneâ⬠. She showed the ability to ask ââ¬ËWhy ââ¬Ë questions. She shows an understanding of prepositions when her mother told her that her purse was behind her. She does, however have some grammatical difficulties and people other than her family do have difficulty deciphering what she is saying at times. According to ere mother she has been seen by a Speech Language Pathologist and will be working with them on her speech. V. Social Emotional Development: M showed a lot of interest in playing with her brother; however was also fine playing with the family dog as well. She appeared to really enjoy the imaginative play with her brother while playing the sword fight; however did upset easily if the game was not going her way and did change the rules quite a bit to her brotherââ¬â¢s dismay. She was quite distracted by the family dog and tended to her a lot. She displayed some difficulty with moral reasoning on he swing set when she was calling her brother a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠repeatedly until he got upset. When her brother kept getting in trouble instead of her she did not seem to be aware of his feelings when he was upset, instead she kept antagonizing him. VI. Cognitive Development: M understands the concept of grouping and matching as displayed when she was helping her mother with the puzzle and when taking items out of her purse. She also showed the ability to count from 1 to 10 when she was taking the items out of her purse. She showed the ability to identify secondary colors when showing the family friend her new ââ¬Å"pinkâ⬠purse. She was able to answer simple questions. You read "Child Observation Report" in category "Observation essays" She was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for; for example the family dogs ball, scissors, hat. Results (Child T) l. Gross Motor Skills: T demonstrated gross motor skills indicative of a normal 5 year old. During the time of observation he displayed running around the backyard, skipping, jumping, walking on just his hands, doing handstands, and hanging on the bars upside down on the play centre. II. Fine Motor Skills: T demonstrated normal fine motor skills. He put on his own shoes (fastened by velour) on the correct feet before going outside to play. He was able to use scissors to open his sour patch kids, which was his snack that afternoon. Ill. Vocal Language Development: T demonstrated the ability to form sentences more than 4 to 6 words. For example; ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m goanna throw it really highâ⬠, ââ¬Å"There is a wasp in your ear, Can I have friends over laterâ⬠? He demonstrated the ability to ask ââ¬Å"whyâ⬠questions. He does not have any speech or grammatical difficulties. He appears to have met all of his developmental milestones for his age. VII. Social Emotional Development: It is quite apparent that T really enjoys imaginative play and is able to accomplish this either with others or by himself. He did not partake in any imaginative play with his sister this time; however did do some imaginative play on his own pretending to be a gymnast who was displaying his talents for a crowd, as he bowed for people when he completed a stunt on the bars or completed a handstand. He also engaged in imaginative play with the family dog pretending she was his dragon. He also is able to talk quietly to himself while playing on his own, but does not seem to be talking to a third person or imaginary friend. VIII. Cognitive Development: T understands the concept of grouping and matching as displayed when he was putting all the same lord sour patch kids together and separating them. He also noted which ones had less in each group than the others. He let those for last. He demonstrated the ability to count from 1 to 10 and demonstrated the ability to identify primary colors. He was able to answer simple questions. He was also able to identify common objects and what they are used for; for example the family dogs ball and scissors. Discussion: Integration of behavior with theory According to Pigletââ¬â¢s Cognitive Development Theory (Beer, 201 0, p. 31 8), both children are in the operational stage (2-7), and they behave normally. They are classified as operational children, because the definition of the operational stage is as follows; ages between 2-7, preschool children use symbols to represent their early sentiments discoveries. The development of language and make-believe play takes place; however, thinking lacks the logic of the two remaining stages. T is a very active child. He has been in pre kindergarten over the last year and has been very socialized between school, extra-curricular activities, playground and playmates with friends. He is on a soccer team as well and enjoys this very much his mother says. T was quite active on the play centre this afternoon, especially on the hanging bars showing off his ability to hang upside down. He also displayed his ability to swing on the swings while standing on the swing instead of sitting on it. He is quite a daring child. He was engaging in make-believe play acting as though he was doing these stunts for an audience as after each stunt he would get up and bow to the imaginary audience. M was happily swinging on the swing set, petting her dog, doing somersaults in the grass and drawing in the mud with a stick. She has the ability to keep herself busy and is happy to do so. She also enjoyed make-believe play with her brother playing a sword fight. Make-believe play increases in sophistication during the pre-school years (Beer, 2010, p. 318). M used her stick as her ââ¬Å"swordâ⬠during the sword fight and as her ââ¬Å"magic wandâ⬠later on during the observation. This demonstrates her ability to coordinate her make-believe roles and pretend with less realistic toys (Beer, 2010, p. 318). M and T were both using the play center together happily. M fell off her swing and T went up and hit M for no reason and walked over to K, the family dog. T hugs K quite roughly and says ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re my mummy bearâ⬠and walks away. I have noted on both occasions during these observations that T displays a bit of aggression. According to Freud, play can have a cathartic effect, as children try to rid themselves of traumatic events or negative feelings through play. T asks his mother, ââ¬Å"Mom, do you have to work today? His mother says ââ¬Å"No, not todayââ¬â¢. T asks ââ¬Å"Whyâ⬠? His mother answers, ââ¬Å"Because have the day foot spend time with you and your sisterâ⬠. T says, ââ¬Å"Okay, I like thatâ⬠. His language and understanding of language is well formed and has good sentence structure for his stage in development. His has no beech or grammatical issues. He asks ââ¬Å"whyâ⬠questions and understands the meaning to the answers to simple questions and answers. M told her brother ââ¬Å"l want to be aloneâ⬠. Her brother did not leave her alone. M turned to him and said, ââ¬Å"l told you, want to be aloneâ⬠! This demonstrates Mââ¬â¢s ability to verbalize her feelings and has a solid awareness of what she is feeling and thinking and is able to share it with others readily. During the sword fight, M said ââ¬Å"you be the sword, I will be the gunâ⬠. T did not like this role change and disagreed. M said, ââ¬Å"No! I am the gun, you are the swordâ⬠. She continued to e a gun, which seemed to anger T and he started hitting M with his sword. M screamed and T got in trouble with his mother. M was able to assign roles; however was not able to negotiate well, which is usually indicated during the operational stage. On the play center, M was swinging on the swing and T was on the bar hanging upside down beside her. M calls T a ââ¬Å"poppy pantsâ⬠. T gets off the bar and hits her swing with his sword. M screams. T goes back to the bar. M calls T a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠. T hits Mââ¬â¢s swing with the sword again. M screams again and calls out to her mom. Mom ignores this. M continues to all T a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠repeatedly. T starts hitting Mââ¬â¢s swing again, as M is screaming. This goes on for five minutes (timed). Mom finally tells T to stop and tells him that if he hits her swing one more time, his sword will be taken away. M proceeds to call T a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠again. T hesitates to do anything and looks over at mom who is ignoring the situation. M continues to taunt T. Finally, T hits Mââ¬â¢s swing and M screams. Itââ¬â¢s sword is taken away. T asks mom why M is not in trouble for calling him a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠. Mom does not respond and walks away. M calls T a ââ¬Å"party pantsâ⬠one last time and leaves the swing. She runs overt mom and gives her a hug and kiss and says ââ¬Å"I love you mommyââ¬â¢. The mother used presentation of punishment to decrease Itââ¬â¢s undesirable behavior. The warning and punishment had a positive and negative response. The positive response was that the behavior was stopped. The negative response was that only one undesirable behavior was punished and stopped. When parents treat their children differently by directly varying amounts Of discipline to the two children, sibling relations are likely to be more conflicting and less friendly if children view these differences as unfair, which I believe T did by his reaction. I found this to be concerning, considering Itââ¬â¢s amount of aggression he displays in his make-believe play. M also showed a lack of moral reasoning and did not show that she was not aware of Itââ¬â¢s feelings. M takes her small Barbieââ¬â¢s out her purse and other figurines and groups all the Barbieââ¬â¢s together and all the figurines together, which displays the ability to draw appropriate inferences about these objects and shows normal categorization, as with the puzzle she was doing with her mother at the table. M and her brother pretend to hit the family dog with their swords and at times actually hit the dog. They also pretend to cut the dog up with their swords. These behaviors demonstrate animistic thinking believing that their inanimate object (sword) has lifelike qualities and intentions. According to Pigged, because young children egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events, magical thinking is common during the preschool years, (Beer, 2010, p. 321). Conclusion I enjoyed observing these children very much. I have watched them grow and change over the last three years. I find M very animated and interesting to observe and find T very in touch with his emotions and struggles with them at times. He is very athletic and determined. The reason I chose the childrenââ¬â¢s home environment is because I felt their own surroundings would be a good way to see what their normal daily routines would be and to see how they interact with family members. I found the backyard a bit limiting and would not choose this setting again. Even though I did not find it was a great setting, did manage to collect some good data. As a mother and grandmother, I did find it hard sometimes during these observations not to jump in and say something to the mother when she was ignoring certain behaviors or when her children clearly just needed some attention. So it was hard at times not to interact with the children. However, I knew I had to control that urge as my role was to observe nothing more. I have learned how to observe and evaluate a child in the operational stage. I have learned what milestones to look for and where a child between the ages of 2 to 7 should be developmentally. It gave me a better understanding to physically do the exercise rather than just reading a textbook I see the value in observing two different children, as not all children are alike in development and behavior. Ideally, a different setting for each hill would have been preferred; however this family is moving in a week and their home is full of moving boxes, so I settled for the backyard with both children. How to cite Child Observation Report, Essays Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-84042791428807038852020-04-29T20:53:00.001-07:002020-04-29T20:53:03.760-07:00The great depression and the new deal Table of Contents Introduction The Cause of the great depression Effects of the great depression Reactions to the great depression The New Deal (ND) Conclusion Work Cited Introduction The Great Depression (GD) of 1929-40s refers to the collapse of the world economy. It was normally caused by the collapse of the stock market. During this epoch high levels of unemployment dominated the world thus the closure of a myriad of businesses (Rauchway 105) .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The great depression and the new deal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although it had no significant impact in some countries around the globe, cases of countries such as the US was severe (Hillstrom 11). This left a large proportion of individuals jobless. In addition, the majority of them lost high valued properties and became homeless. It was therefore, necessary that, the government to compensate the affected individual s. The government accomplished this by devising a strategy aimed at averting the situation. A number of prominent members in the government devised numerous new deals. This was the turning point as the Americans became awake and sought for the strategies of ending the depression (Edsforth 262). A number of interested individuals brought their opinions. For instance, a democrat entitled as Glass believed in the dominance of the white, budget devoid of deficits, the statutory rights, as well as the controlled power accorded to the president. Therefore, this document will discuss the cause, effects, as well as the reactions to the great depression. The Cause of the great depression Before the economy collapsed, Americans experienced some problems, which later became the cause of the great the GD (Murphy 17). For instance, there was poor distribution of wealth resulting to the increased gap between the affluent and the poor. The poor banking system among the banks was an additional chal lenge. This is because banks were in favor of some sectors. Unfavorable balance of payments deficits dominated the entire economy, resulting to more imports than exports hence the US turned into a creditor nation. There was also the general increase of the price of commodities in the stock exchange market. This culminated into a vast wealth accumulation among the capital class (Murphy 112). There also existed some ignorance of the less speculative economic indicators leading to high investments among the capitalists (Hillstromn 109). The gambling of commodities created a high inflation and this weakened the economy expansively. Financial institutions such as banks started numerous loan facilities in favor of stock- buyers. This was because stocks were selling at a good price than the other commodities in the market. In addition, the banks allowed capitalists to use stock as security for loans. In case the value of stock goes down, the financial institutions have less value security of loans taken by capitalists.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would therefore, mean that financial institutions remain with less monetary items. This is indicative that productive businesses would not thrive, and mortgages would foreclose. As a result, bankruptcy among the business people heightened due to the collapse of the stock exchange used by a large proportion of individuals as short cut to becoming wealthy. There was an immense panic among people since they had lost confidence in their savings. The panic resulted from the investment of clientââ¬â¢s savings on the stocks. The closure of the stock exchange market meant that banks experienced a high level of withdrawals thus their closure. A great market crash was therefore, experienced in late October 1920. Effects of the great depression The collapse of the stock market had a profound impact on the industries. F or instance, numerous industries lost their capital in the market crash. Moreover, some industries lost their capital due to bankââ¬â¢s closures. Consequently, capitalists had to reduce the working duration sometimes, as well as the workerââ¬â¢s wage bill. This resulted to low purchasing among the customers, as well as a reduced spending on luxurious commodities. Conversely, the reduced spending among the customers meant low demand of workforce. This further led to a reduction of the number of workers, and their wage bill. Drastically after the cost reduction measures, a myriad of businesses could not thrive leading their eventual closure. Lastly, the workers lost their jobs. Consequently, the unemployment rate escalated the ratio of dependency. Reactions to the great depression After the collapse of the economy, Americans sought a solution for the economic crash. Some Americans blamed President Hoover while others targeted the financial institutions and businesspersons. The c ollapse of the economy was not only attributed to one side, but to all structures of the Americanââ¬â¢s economy (Marsh 25). The government responded in several ways. First, President Herbert, the President of the time in the US refused to intervene on the peopleââ¬â¢s behalf. He regarded the government intervention as a moral decay of the American person. He further argued that, during such a difficult situation in a country, proper strategic measures are crucial in curbing the situation. Though forced by the congress to show his concern on the crash, he remained reluctant. This was due to his concern of balancing the national budget. More importantly, he was against violating his principles. He conducted spending in order to stabilize the business sector.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The great depression and the new deal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was encouraged by the fact that regai ned prosperity calm the poor majority, who in turn they behaved unwillingly in waiting. Consequently, due to his uncaring nature, he was later defeated in a preceding elections of 1932 by Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the campaigns, Franklin had promised to respond appropriately in order to mitigate the depression. While in office, he carefully followed his advisors instructions and developed programmes aimed at recovering the economy. He later launched the politics of the New Deal, which was a measure of essential conservation. The New Deal was to redeem capitalism and the key economic institutions of US from the dangerous depression. The New Deal (ND) In the first deal, the Tennessee valley Authority (TVA) of 1933 reflected on the incoming liberal means of the second ND. The TVA provided the required funds to transform the economies of seven depressed states a together with the Tennessee River. This entailed the construction of dams, power making, as well as the flood and soil ero sion control. The above construction activities were relatively high wage jobs (Edsfoth 264). Sources have shown that this is a socialism ideology. Other sources have regarded them as a proper way of solving social and economic problems. The second ND (1935-40S), aimed at ending the depression by spending in all economic activities. This increased the number of consumers, hence a higher demand for commodities. The resultant effect is a high spending hence economic growth. Conclusion Since economic depression, results from preventable factors, there, therefore, need to find appropriate prevention measures. First low spending by both consumers and the government demands improvement. The government, therefore, should use its huge financial power; inform of taxation and spending, as a precautionary measure to stabilize the economy. The increased spending needs emphasis in order to deal with depression adequately. This is crucial in the prevention of cases allied with the economic crash. Work Cited Edsforth, Ronald. The New deal: Americaââ¬â¢s response to the great depression .Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. Print. Marsh, Carole. The great depression and the new deal. Peachtree, GA: Gallopade International. Peachtree, 2005. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Murphy, Robert. The politically incorrect guide to the great depression and the new deal. New York, NY: Regnery publishing, 2009. Print. Rauchway, Eric. The great depression: A very short introduction. New York, NY: Oxford University press, 2008. Print. This research paper on The great depression and the new deal was written and submitted by user SisterGrimm to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-26869312493989363602020-03-20T21:09:00.001-07:002020-03-20T21:09:03.267-07:00Prove cathartic EssaysProve cathartic Essays Prove cathartic Paper Prove cathartic Paper Aristotle wrote in Poetics that tragedy should contain incidents arousing pity and fear and thus prove cathartic for an audience. To what extent does the plot of Arthur Millers play, All My Sons allow for this? Arthur Miller (1915-2005) in All My Sons (1947), journeys the key concept of catharsis through the intricate character of Joe Keller; our tragic hero and his hubris flaw, the concept of Hamartia, the generating of pathos through language and most importantly the formula of tragedy, described by Aristotle, bringing about catharsis. All My Sons starts at the end of summer in suburban America, after World War Two. The events of the play, described by Miller, occur on a single set, the backyard of the Keller home, a secluded atmosphere, considerably the American Dream. Furthermore there stands the stump of an apple tree, as its trunk and branches lie toppled beside it1. Miller here, emotionally engages us into the play with the use of pathetic fallacy, increasing our emotions by building tension and giving opportunity to the futures of tragedy. The audience no longer feel safe behind the American Dream but instead are presented with a faade of respect, somewhere much sinister , preparing the audience for the upcoming tragedy. Miller uses this same technique again when Joe Keller, our protagonist, notifies: Gonna rain tonight. 2 Miller builds fear in the audience, suggesting something unpleasant about to happen. Nevertheless as the audience learn more about Joe Keller, we see that he is an ego-centric man, whose mental attitude does not go beyond his own sphere. Where society is dysfunctional, Kellers choice simply remains to ignore them and their changing platforms: heres a guy is lookin for two Newfoundland dogs. Now whats he want with two Newfoundland dogs? . The audience in turn pity for Kellers character, understanding his lack of knowledge in relation to the macrocosm therefore leading us towards what may be a cathartic experience. Perhaps different audiences react differently to Keller as a character. It is debatable that Keller does not understand the subtleties of life because he is lazy, selfish and his outlook is materialistic, therefore perchance building exasperation in the audience and receiving no compassion. Or perhaps as an audience we become harsh and forget to realise that Joe Keller is financially comfortable. But beyond this the audience still pity Kellers inertia as he struggles to move on. Similarly Kate Keller cannot move beyond the inertia she is trapped within. She is in denial about Larrys death which has driven her to spirituality, her emotional crutch: Hes not dead, so theres no argument! 4 This makes the audience pity her sub-conscious state and empathise with her hope for Larrys return. It could be argued as to what extent we can cope with her denial and her rejection of reality. Progression sees Miller introduce us to the bliss of hope, this is important to the cathartic journey, as we hope for some re-alignment of morality or achievement of justice. Hope is first presented through Frank Lubey, a superstitious character, who brings us closer towards catharsis through the melancholic life he lives and the hope he brings within the play for fellow characters, besides the hope the audience already bear: (Looks up at the sky) These stage directions are evidence of Franks hope and transcendence into a world of his own. Nevertheless, Chris Keller is a warm man who cares for his father and becomes Millers mouthpiece in demonstrating the world beyond the Keller home. He strives for independence and security but constantly gets held back from his parents and is put into an inertia of his own: every time I reach out for something I want, I have to pull back because other people will suffer. 5 This is part of Millers plot where pathos allows the audience to feel emotions of pity evoked by Chriss helplessness and thus prove cathartic. The audience also fear as to what step Chris might take in the future because of his suffering: Ill get out. Ill get married and live some place else. Maybe in New York. 6 The audience also empathise with Chris, as the family secret prevents him from breaking free and therefore the audience hope for Chris life to be re-aligned and end happily with his marriage to Ann. However this news arouses trepidation in the audience and characters because they do not understand as to how Kate might react because of her fragile state and her stubborn will. This is evident through Kellers dialogue and Millers apprehensive language: Well, you want to be sure Mother isnt going to -7. At the very end of Act One the audience are left feeling a strong sense of fear for Joe Keller when he is made aware of George Deevers return. The audience understand Kellers vulnerability and his lack in understanding the complexities of life therefore he sees no harm in Georges return, but is it debateable as to whether Keller might know how much of a risk it could be on a sub-conscious level and as to what George might be here for? Miller has made this is evident through the stage directions, exemplifying the fear: (frightened, but angry): Yes, Im sure. The fear left with the audience to experience at the end of Act One becomes pivotal in the role of experiencing catharsis. Miller has instantaneously given us the opportunity to empathise with the characters and in turn fear for them thus we are given a sense of foreboding, vital for ultimately experiencing catharsis in any tragedy. In the opening stage directions of Act Two Miller, again, uses pathetic fallacy to suggest the progression in the plot and perhaps the catastrophe still to come suggested metaphorically by Miller: leaving stump standing alone 9 Though as the play progresses a growing sense of anxiety is created in the audience by Miller. We can see this through Sue Bayliss a character chosen by Miller to represent the wider community. This lets the audience fear even more for Joe Keller as a character because it becomes apparent that not everybody overlooks his guilt: Theres not a person on the block who doesnt know the truth. 10 In Act Two Miller finally decides to present a rush of emotions which soon psychologically engage the audience as well as the characters Chris, Ann and George. Millers use of short, forceful sentences build tension and anxiety in the audience that we soon become eager to reach some sort of resolution, where inner peace can be found. This is witnessed through Georges dialogue and we soon learn to identify with Georges character because we recognize his impatience to reach a cathartic ending: But the morning passed. No sign of Joe. So Dad called again. 11 Georges transcendental state also suggests trouble constructing an impression of fear upon the audience: (Calling as George pays no attention ). Considering Georges character we could deduce that he is a caricature used by Miller to start the tragedy and thus the journey to catharsis. After the anxiety we experience, Kates sudden entrance to the involvement of catharsis builds tension and hope for resolution. But then Miller entraps us into a network of terror once more when Kate slips her tongue disproving Kellers alibi, this brings hope for Chris and George as we, the audience, hope that they will find out the truth and move on out of the inertia: He hasnt been laid up in fifteen years. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-24991418952063499972020-03-04T12:55:00.001-08:002020-03-04T12:55:03.354-08:00Formal Charge Example ProblemFormal Charge Example Problem Resonance structures are all the possible Lewis structures for a molecule. Formal charge is a technique to identify which resonance structure is the more correct structure. The most correct Lewis structure will be the structure where the formal charges are evenly distributed throughout the molecule. The sum of all the formal charges should equal the total charge of the molecule.Formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons of each atom and the number of electrons the atom is associated with. The equation takes the form:FC eV - eN - eB/2whereeV number of valence electrons of the atom as if it were isolated from the moleculeeN number of unbound valence electrons on the atom in the moleculeeB number of electrons shared by the bonds to other atoms in the moleculeThe two resonance structures in the above picture are for carbon dioxide, CO2. To determine which diagram is the correct one, the formal charges for each atom must be calculated.For Structure A:eV fo r oxygen 6eV for carbon 4To find eN, count the number of electron dots around the atom. eN for O1 4eN for C 0eN for O2 4To find eB, count the bonds to the atom. Each bond is formed by two electrons, one donated from each atom involved in the bond. Multiply each bond by two to get the total number of electrons.eB for O1 2 bonds 4 electronseB for C 4 bonds 8 electronseB for O2 2 bonds 4 electronsUse these three values to calculate the formal charge on each atom. Formal charge of O1 eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of O1 6 - 4 - 4/2Formal charge of O1 6 - 4 - 2Formal charge of O1 0Formal charge of C eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of C1 4 - 0 - 4/2Formal charge of O1 4 - 0 - 2Formal charge of O1 0Formal charge of O2 eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of O2 6 - 4 - 4/2Formal charge of O2 6 - 4 - 2Formal charge of O2 0For Structure B:eN for O1 2eN for C 0eN for O2 6Formal charge of O1 eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of O1 6 - 2 - 6/2Formal charge of O1 6 - 2 - 3Formal charge of O1 1Formal charge of C eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of C1 4 - 0 - 4/2Formal charge of O1 4 - 0 - 2Formal charge of O1 0Formal charge of O2 eV - eN - eB/2Formal charge of O2 6 - 6 - 2/2Formal charge of O2 6 - 6 - 1Formal charge of O2 -1All the formal charges on Structure A equal zero, where the formal charges on Structure B show one end is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. Since the overall distribution of Structure A is zero, Structure A is th e most correct Lewis structure for CO2. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-67044358658275762062020-02-17T04:22:00.001-08:002020-02-17T04:22:02.734-08:00Uses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police Research PaperUses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police - Research Paper Example Uses of Force by Chicago, New York, La police As maintainers of law and order in the public, police officers should be more cautious on the way they handle people in the public. From sociological and psychological view point, modern study scrutinizes on the determinants of police use of force using data gathered by Garner and Maxwell in 1996- 1997.The information herein entailed the adult custody arrests in six urban law enforcement agencies in the U.S. Dissimilar to most of the recent studies; the degree of force is extended to comprise threat of force as well as varied levels of physical force. The results have revealed strong and reliable evidence that probability os using force and the quantity of force used by the police largely is dependent on what the suspect commits rather than who the suspect is, even after controlling for other factors. The way a suspect is handled and the conduct towards the police seems as the most essential factor explaining the use of force behavior. The results obtained also reveals the effects of race and the gender relations as well as the occurrence of eyewitness and other officers on the outlook. Police use of force The na ture of police to citizen encounter may vary from civil to very fiery, and this may entail both verbal and physical conflict. Acknowledging that characteristics of such nature may encounter alongside with the behaviors of the officers and suspects is essential to comprehend the factors impacting police use of force. All over the world, policing entails and at times demands some amount of force. Bittner (1975) accentuates on this aspect of police work and, moreover, affirms that police are nothing else but a mechanism for the dissemination of situational acceptable force in the society. The law and enforcement officers, are required to use force in particular circumstances, are trained in the use of force, and, in general, encounter numerous situations on their due course of duty when the use of force is required. For instance, in arresting wrongdoers, averting escape, putting into custody the disorderly participants, or when safeguarding themselves and the blameless victims from get ting injured. As it has been confirmed by Skolnick and Fyfe (1993, p. 37), ââ¬Å"as long as the public continues defying law and order, and resist arrest, use of force by the police remains inevitable. Even though the use of force by the police has been significant inn averting and regulating law and order in the society, it has however contributed to alarming rate of social and legal consequences amid the police and the public. This is an aspect that has predominantly resulted towards studying on this essential topic and would enrich our knowledge towards an efficient comprehension in this area of study. Recent research carried out on police use of force reveals that police use force rarely (Adams, 1999; Friedrich, 1980; Garner, Buchanan, Schade, & Hepburn, 1996; Garner & Maxwell, 1999; Worden, 1996). Whether indicated by authorized use of force, (Alpert & Dunham, 1999), the complaints of the citizens, those surveying the officers, the arrestees, citizens or the observational meth ods the recorded data constantly reveal that only a minor portion of police ââ¬â public relations makes use of force. On the other hand, the encounter amid of the police and the citizen, in which police officers frequently are compelled to make swift decisions may generate inappropriate or unnecessary use of force that may ruin and lower the repute of police authority and authenticity in the public. Among the different theoretical orientations used to explain police use of force, Terrill and Mastrofski (2002) identifies a particular sociological and psychological perspective that Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-48757877249159748422020-02-03T04:31:00.001-08:002020-02-03T04:31:03.221-08:00Organizational Change A Literature Review EssayOrganizational Change A Literature Review - Essay Example Being an ââ¬Ëorganismââ¬â¢ all organizations are prone to change; in fact change is part of its nature. Organizations always seek to maximize growth as much as longevity, and in order to ensure this growth and longevity a thriving organization must adjust in tandem with the changing times. But even as the organization seeks and adopts changes it may benefit from in the long term, these changes variably affect the lives and careers of the people who comprise it. For some the necessary adjustments are unsettling because they usually detract from the routines that organizational personnel have become accustomed to. Changes also tend to deviate from the longer-term expectations individuals have set for themselves under the conditions prior to the change, thereby creating anxieties and uncertainties that challenge the employeeââ¬â¢s trust in his organization. Similar problems arise with respect to the organizationââ¬â¢s other stakeholders which tend to threaten the successful adoption of the change. The literature review explores the complex issues that attend the adoption of change in organizations. Repercussions pertaining to the organization itself as well as its stakeholders shall be examined, and insights which shall be gathered from the wealth of academic literature on organizational change shall be integrated to support a furtherance of future studies. Drivers of organizational change There are three categories of forces which exert pressure for organizational change, according to Tichy (1982, as cited by Westover, 2010, p. 46), namely technical, political, and cultural forces. Technical forces refers to imperatives for change created by changes in technology and economic conditions in the environment, including the development of advance equipment, changing interest rates and increase in competition. Political forces pertains to pressures for change brought about by issues associated with power, influence, and resource allocation; these include issues of who holds authority, who are rewarded, and who are empowered to decide how rewards and resources are allocated. Finally, cultural forces refers to those pressures urging change as a result of a shift in the collective values and beliefs of people, that is, the demographic composition and cultural diversity of the labor pool and societal values (Westover, 2010). The change agent ( typically the human resources professional in an organizational setting) will perform a vital role, described in the subsequent discussion below, in bringing together both management and employees to effectively address these pressures by fostering effective change strategies. Numerous drivers of organizational change have been identified over the decades, but there has been a confluence of studies which incline towards some commonly cited factors. In a theory-building survey of academic studies, Whelan-Berry and Somerville (2010) have determined these to be: (1) the acceptance of a change vision; (2) leadersââ¬â¢ change related activities; (3) change related communication; (4) change related training; (5) change related employee participation; (6) aligned human resources practices; and (7) aligned organization structure and control processes (p. 182) Organizational structure as tool and barrier to organizational change According to Hannan, Polos and Carroll (2003), there are fou r types of processes that delay and may even prevent organizational change. These are: structural processes, that include the consequences of intricacy of the adopted change and the viscosity or sluggishness of response; institutional processes Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-54166597279664793862020-01-26T00:55:00.001-08:002020-01-26T00:55:08.127-08:00Critical Analysis: Js Mills Defense Of Free SpeechCritical Analysis: Js Mills Defense Of Free Speech Reading J.S. Mills Defense of free Speech was a great deal of interest, education and increment of knowledge to me. I was so thrilled by his choice of words and his mechanism of analyses. It is of a great pleasure and of a great honor to me to have this opportunity to analyze and asses critically this very write up. According to J.S. Mill we see that freedom means: a) the freedom of thought, religion, speech, b) the freedom of tastes, and the freedom to plan the life in own way, and c) the freedom of assembly. Thus, Mills ideal is a possible freedom of every person for the purpose of the whole society prosperity. Mill even stated that the state should take care of own people and dont try to increase the value of own citizens with the purpose of making them obedient instruments of own projects implementation. Mill defends the right of individuals to live as he pleases. According to Mill we see that each of us is self-sufficient with respect to own health, as bodily, mental and spiritual. Social growth is the result of all the various individual initiatives. Clearly, everyones freedom finds its limits in the freedom of another. Individual shall not infringe upon the interests of others or a certain group interests, which by law or acquiescence should read as legal. He was forced to accept their re sponsibilities and the necessary sacrifices for the protection of society and its members from any sabotage and unrest. Freedom in Mills mind is the public good. Because a free person is more productive than not free person and has a better chance of happiness, advocated by the time Mill in his work. Now we have a reason to suspect that the freedom is the condition for further evolution of the individual and, more importantly, the collectivity development, i.e. culture-and sociogenesis. Survival of the human species depends on how human can think, and on his ability to modify the form of collective existence. It is possible to say without exaggeration that Mill first felt in what direction the further process of universal evolution goes or even where it should be directed for the purpose of its future continuation. It cannot be overemphasized the importance and necessity of freedom in life. It is our right to exercise our freedom. The freedom of speech in consideration here most especially is definitely needful, useful and should be unutilized or underutilized by individuals in recent times. This is one of the bases of civilization. Thinking about the liberty of thought and discussion on the governmental level we see that Mill was worried by the state censorship of individuals behavior more as a danger rather than the topic of the day. In old Europe the state interference in individuals life and the freedom of expression has not been true until Mills times. It had a place not because of big governments sympathy to personal freedom, but because of the so-called technical problems; it means that the government was still focused on other prerogatives. No one was aware of how widely it may be areas of potential individual freedom, because life was a meager content, and finally the prerogative of th e regulation of morals then belonged to the church and community in those times. First of all, I would like to have a short look at the prehistory of the book On Liberty, because it will help me to be more professional in further analysis of Mills thoughts. The book On Liberty Mill co-wrote with his wife in 1859. The author has predicted a long life to this his work by himself and thought that exactly On Liberty will survive the rest of his creations. Mill does not get tired to stress the importance for man and society as a whole in maximum diversity of characters and full freedom of human nature in a myriad of contrasting directions. Freedom does not only protect from the tyranny of power, it insures also against such kind of tyranny as the tyranny of prevailing opinion and feeling of general social trends, ideas and habits It seems to me that the freedom limits the penetration of legitimate collective wisdom of individual independence. On my opinion, treatise On Liberty is one of the fundamental works of liberal thought, as it provides the rationale unit of society, where the freedom of speech, the freedom of thought, the freedom of private life (including economic freedom) and the freedom of social and political associations were discussed. According to Mill the above numerated freedoms would become a reality in democratic governance. However, in a representative board (it is assumed in a democracy) are possible the tyranny of fashion and the tyranny of the majority. Mill considered that in a society the law and public opinion should compel people to perform certain behavioral rules. In this case the most important question is about the true essence of these rules. In every era and in every country the dominate rules and laws are perceived as unquestionable and self-evident by people. Meanwhile, this almost universal illusion is one example of the magic influence of habit. In all societies, wrote Mill, there are several principles that play an important role in the formation of behavioral rules that are imposed by the law or public opinion in the first and the foremost rate it is the interest of the ruling class. The majority of public morality is conditioned to the interests of the ruling class where one class dominates the other. The second principle, which plays an important role in the formation of the behavioral rules, lies in cringing and in desire to please masters or gods. In addition, the moral concepts were also affected by the public interest. The fact that there are in accordance to our views the presence of good government and bad government might not be one without error. This was critically emphasized in Mills write up. Mill (1859) stated that The best government has no more title to it than the worst. It is as noxious, or more noxious, when exerted in accordance with public opinion, than when in opposition to it. If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were. The opinions we bear always make us who we are. When we see the government as a bad one, it makes us a people who are led by a bad government. An opinion held by a majority or by people in power or even any individual could be erroneous. The same very opinion held by a group of people as truth and correct might be total held by the other group as completely false statement and completely incorrect. The presence of change cannot be overemphasized and does not change as different generation passes by. It is a true saying that as new generation comes, there comes a new way of life, way of thinking and many other improvements or non-improvements in processes. There have been many reformations and changes in the system of governance of any country of the world from the year 1678 to 2010. What does this point to? This means that for a rational critic to rationally criticize any government there should be detailed consideration of the time, setting and location of the criticized government. Nevertheless I still want to stipulate that there still holds some general view on the basic things expected of a government to offer its citizens and this is the freedom of speech. According to Van Belle (2000) we see that For the most part, efforts to defend press freedom have been equal to the task. In fact, if the gradual growth of press freedom around the world is any indicator, the defense an d pursuit of press freedom might even be considered to be slightly more robust overall than the effort to censor. If you mark the beginning of the fight for press freedom with the arguments for unlicensed printing put forth in John Miltons Areopagitica, scholars, philosophers, and politicians have been fighting for the freedom to publish free of government control for three and a half centuries. To make our points approved is an enviable feature and character worthy of emulation which establishes our opinion as a statement of truth. I will not but also comment on this point as it evokes the feeling and awareness to each of us and most especially the government to allow great room for criticism and evaluation of the views and beliefs held. Mill holds the view that our views and opinions despite the fact that they are value statements should have enough safe grounds of defense to it. We should always weigh our statements, opinions and views in order that they should be worthy enough for anyone to rely on. In the issue with misunderstand with a great man once lived-Socrates by the law givers in his time, was of course an act of intimidation, non-civilization and inhumanity. There is a great disharmony between the then existent way of things, judgments and opinion which nowadays is considered as a terrible one. According to Mill (1859) we read that Mankind can hardly be too often reminded, that there was once a man named Socrates, between whom and the legal authorities and public opinion of his time, there took place a memorable collision. There has been in history the execution of great men who made great differences in life only because of disagreement with what they believe by the then governing authority. It is of course not an act of justice, not an act that depicts the presence of freedom and grants full power to the government without a full rational basis. Holding of opinion is not just enough but being able to defend it to some degree is the importance of this opinion thereof. Mill (1859) wrote in accordance to previous statement that There is a class of persons (happily not quite so numerous as formerly) who think it enough if a person assents doubtingly to what they think true, though he has no knowledge whatever of the grounds of the opinion, and could not make a tenable defense of it against the most superficial objections.. In existence are yet individuals who think one should only listen to them and believe all they say. Any argument with them evokes annoyance and possibly some punishments on the arguer in a case when they are the governing body of the very societal setting. There is great truth in this in that for civilized people the weapons of battle are words; well-constructed, that portrays opinion and substantiates it and able to prove and defend it beyond all reasonable thoughts, but not to involve any physical battles. T he battle of words is a constructive civilized way of life aimed at confirming how strong a value statement could be and should even not involve any sort of punishment. The freedom of expressing ones belief is good but more especially there should also be concomitant knowledge of the opposing belief in order to rationally express the basis of this belief. The greatness you have as a propagator of a certain belief lies in your knowledge of an opposing beliefs facts and knowing and expressing a rational assertion of superiority over the opposing belief. It is political as well as rationally worthy to discuss opinions for the complete exposure of its foundational basis and meaning. Analyzing Mills position we see that Mill opposed to individual self-restraint, to restriction of individuals freedom from the societys side, and also he opposed to restrictions on freedom of the individual and society from the states side. It is obvious that Mill was well aware that the joint lives of individuals cannot exist without any restrictions of freedom. Mill said that the freedom of one ends where the freedom of another begins. The boundary of the previous Mills statement, of course, is mobile and conventional and, incidentally, is supported in the free discussion. Mill in his treatise On Liberty provides some clarification, as this border should be determined. But wherever it took place, Mill insists that the freedom is the norm, and its limitations are rationally justifiable exceptions or pathology. An individual is entitled to any vices and f ollies, if it will not cause harm to anyone except himself. Moreover, the scope of conduct, harmless to others, in Mills explanations is much extended. If the individuals behavior provokes a moral outrage and aesthetic revulsion at the neighbors, then shrugs Mill, let them leave their feelings with themselves: the freedom of public interest and public good is more important than their feelings. It could be named Mills rationalization of tolerance. One can easily agree with him that many who profess the Christian fate lack the deep knowledge of its foundation. Mill (1859) was interested To what an extent doctrines intrinsically fitted to make the deepest impression upon the mind may remain in it as dead beliefs, without being ever realized in the imagination, the feelings, or the understanding, is exemplified by the manner in which the majority of believers hold the doctrines of Christianity. To what end will it then be in general to profess something you have no full understanding concerning. It pertains not only to Christianity but other spheres of life. The concept of the whole truth is one that is farfetched especially when considering the extent of truth in the opposing doctrines. Man is not an island and his existence knowingly or unknowingly is influenced by the existence of other people, their thoughts, activities and their way of life. It of course also freely given to man, his existence here on earth and much more especially important is also his freedom to influence his surroundings. He influences all components of his surroundings and this includes the people in it, the animals that exists in it and even the climate. If our notions will actually influence others, it will do so only when it is well grounded such that the erroneous nature of it will be near zero. In the society where the lives of men and women are being led by other men and women, there should be presence of quality and capability in these leaders. It is of course worthy and respectable the fact that leaders act, make decisions, enact laws and even enforce punishments on those they believe defaulted the law, there should also be a justifiable explanation for their actions and steps. Adequacy and competency in leadership and politics therefore not only includes actions which of course should be appropriate ones but also should include their ability to communicate their decisions, intention and even their actions to those they lead. Conclusion I agree to a great degree on the write up because of expressive power portrayed concerning the fact that truth is a complex concept that takes almost eternity to completely rationally evaluated. It is worthy of understanding then that since governing powers, humans and group of individuals are bound to be erroneous, there is only a major demand on rationally expressing the reasons of actions, views, decisions and doctrines beyond all reasonable doubts that could arise against it. Lets remember that Darwin showed the man that he was an animal in some way. Mill explained how this animal is different from all others. Unlike other animals, man is able to manipulate by himself choose the lifestyle and create own character. But the person needs freedom of thought and action for the purpose of this natural human ability has been realized and it means that this freedom must be provided to the person as soon as possible. Thus, connecting Darwins and Mills works we see that their two fundamental books were published almost at one time and they were two remarkable documents of emancipation of the human person, deeply connected with each other by a common theme, as is clearly seen in our time. Darwin explained individuals retrospection on the evolution stage, and John Stuart Mills traced prospects of human further development. Machizukuri in Japan: Overview and Analysis Machizukuri in Japan: Overview and Analysis Planning in Japan has existed more than a hundred years ago (Evans, 2010) and Machizukuri is one type of planning in Japan. By the beginning of 1980s, the term Machizukuri has been extensively used (Evans, 201), but its concept is claimed, to be changing from time to time and its term is often ambiguous as it is usually used base on peoples own understanding in many different situation (Watanabe, n.d). Therefore, the origins of Machizukuri need to be explored in order to be able to determine how the concept of Machizukuri is shaped and indirectly determining the characteristics of Machizukuri that vary it from the other types of planning in Japan. Machizukuri is a type of planning which is closely related to peoples desire in creating a livable and sustainable city (Evans, 2014). It is a type of planning where the local residents work together or in cooperation with the government by doing variety of activities to make their place attractive and appropriate to live in (Evans, 2014). Machizukuri is a collaboration of two different terms Machi and Zukuri where Machi can be defined as community, but also often means small area rather than large area and Zukuri is defined as making or planning (Watanabe, 2007). In general, Machizukuri can be understood as an attempt to improve or sustain the city with the involvement of the local residents in the planning. The activities of Machizukuri include from meeting, involvement of the resident in policy making and so forth (Watanabe, 2006). The terms Machizukuri is claimed by many to be vague and ambiguous because many have used it as a catchword. However, it is not until the early of 1960s, this term started to be adopted in the field of urban planning (Evans, 2010). As an example, the term was used in Kobes municipal and ward social councils in 1965 as a slogan (Evans, 2010). However, it is very difficult to determine when and where actually Machizukuri originated, as in the past it was used often as a catchword. Watanabe (n.d) agreed with this and he pointed out that Mr. Kan Hideshima had discovered Dr Naoto Nakajima used the term Machizukuri without accompanying the actual activities in 1947, and Dr Naoto can be one example where the term Machizukuri was used as a catchword. On the contrary, Professor Shiro Masuda had used the term Machizukuri in his journal in 1952 (Watanabe, n.d). This is believed to be the earliest work that had used the term in relation its actually activity. Although he did not describe the term precisely, he used the term in relation to peoples movement. The term Machizukuri was used in his journal about Kunitachi, where at that time, was in the middle of peoples movement due to the turning of quiet and decent college town into unpleasant place for residents to live in. Some activist called their movement Machizukuri. (Watanabe, n.d) This is believed to be the birth of the term Machizukuri with refers to the activity. However, the concept of Machizukuri itself was ambiguous. In between 1960s to the end of 1970s, several factors had taken place and indirectly had helped in shaping the concept of Machizukuri (Evans, 2010). These factors are not just favor the establishment of Machizukuri but also help to develop Machizukuris concept. The first factor is the influence of the citizens movement. Citizens movement shows that the citizens are concerned and conscious about the city they lived in. This consciousness may leads to their involvement on the planning of the city, hence, resulted in Machizukuri as citizens participation is the key factor of Machizukuri (Evans, 2010). To further elaborate, in 1950s to 1960s, Japan was focusing towards the development of its economy and industries which had resulted in a dreadful pollution. This had triggered a wide environmental protest throughout Japan over the 1960s due to house shortages, traffic congestion and environmental arose that threaten residential life of the local citizen (Watanabe, 2006). The environmental movement by the local resident has indirectly led to the popularization in local participation. This movement had given way for the awareness of citizens right and growth in citizen consciousness. The second factor is the decentralization of planning powers resulted from the 1968 New City Planning Act. The replacement of 1919 city planning act with 1968 new city planning act can be considered as step towards Machizukuri. This is because the new act did mark an important step for public involvement in the planning process (Ishida cited in Evans, 2010). As stated by Evans (2010) that other important features of the 1968 New City Planning Act include the introduction of public participation. By encouraging public participation, this will provide opportunity for Machizukuri to grow and take place. Thirdly is the slowing down of urbanization also leads to Machizukuri. This can be seen from the slowdown of urbanization due to the oil crisis in 1973, which resulted in transition of a high-growth to low-growth economy in Japan (Evans, 2010). Many changes happened after the worldwide oil crisis, this caused people to stop migrating to the city, and some went back to where they came from. According to Alden and Abe (cited in Evans, 2010), net migration to metropolitan regions of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya was almost zero during 1975 to 1980. However, the central government introduced urban system where the local areas within a city prepare its own plan (Evans, 2010). By giving the role this give the local to are more involve in the planning of the local area, hence may lead to Machizukuri, as its not only the government will be handling the planning the city but also the locals. These factors are mostly had given the opportunity for the participation of the citizens and by opening opportunity for citizens participation in planning, this will give chance for the Machizukuri to take place. Therefore, these kinds of events can be considered to be the main driving forces for the establishment of Machizukuri. Although Machizukuri is often seen as the involvement of citizens in the planning, it has other distinctive characteristics, which identify the actual Machizukuri. Consequently, these characteristics vary Machizukuri from other types of planning. The term machi in Japanese term according to Watanabe often opposes the large area. Furthermore, Vogt (n.d.) described Machizukuri to normally restricted to smaller scale projects such as a park, residential neighborhood and so forth. For example in Mano district with population of only 4,739 people (Evans,2010). and also Machizukuri in Aneya lane which is a narrow 700m long street in the centre of Kyoto (Hein, 2008). This is unlike other types of planning which usually cover large scale such as Toshi Keikaku where according to Vogt (n.d) it deals with the improvement of city or larger parts of it. This can be said to be one of Machizukuris characteristics where it is focusing normally on a small-scale area. The change resulted from Machizukuri is often claimed to be slow and gradual. This can be demonstrates in a district called Mano. This district suffered from pollution and associate health problem in 1960s which led to formation of residents anti-pollution campaign. As a result from this Machizukuri school took place in 1970s where this school consists of lectures and workshops on topics related to residents campaign. In addition, Manos residents had drew up a machizukuri plan where it is a whole plan for Mano and consist of their vision, and ways to achieve this. Twenty years since, the appearance of Mano changed significantly. (Evans, 2010). This can also be seen on Sanjo Machizukuri, it took over 20 years for the Machizukuri to transform a declining wholesale area to an attractive place for shopping or dining and so forth (Hein, 2008). This is another characteristic of Machizukuri, where the change is rather slow, this is due to revitalizing a local area without uprooting the loca l population, therefore, it is incremental. Machizukuri is also seen as a method that focusing on the soft aspects of planning unlike the traditional town planning which is more towards the hard aspect such as roads and other phyical infrastructure (Evans, 2010). Machizukuri may include the hard aspect as well but it emphasis more on soft aspect such as upgrading an area. This can be seen in Sanjos Machizukuri, Kyoto, where the centre of its commerce has an unpleasant appearance. Therefore, in this case, it focused on the economic and social renewal of Sanjo Street, and this indirectly had dealt with the environmental problem (Hein, 2008). In conclusion, Machizukuri is a concept which did not understand very well by many in the previous years. Determining the origins and identifying its characteristics helped in understanding and shaped the actual concept of Machizukuri. Although, it is difficult to really determine the actual origin of Machizukuri, but the term itself has been used since the 1940s and its concept have been shaped by several events between 1960s to 1970s. Furthermore, Machizukuri has its own characteristics, which represent its peculiarities from other planning. References: Evans, N. (2010). Machi-zukuri as a new paradigm in Japanese urban planning: reality or myth?. Japan Forum. [Online] 14:3 (2002). p. 443-464. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0955580022000008745 [Accessed: 8th March 2014] Evans, N. (2014), Community Planning lecture notes distributed in Urban Japan at Kings College London, London. on 6th March 2014 Hein, C. (2008) Machi: Neighborhood and Small Town The Foundation for Urban Transformation in Japan. Journal of Urban History. [Online]. Available from http://juh.sagepub.com/content/35/1/75 [Accessed: 8th March 2014]. Vogt, S. (n.d.) From Toshikeikaku To Machizukuri Urban Planning In Tokyo With Special Reference To The Participation Of The Residents. [Online]. Available from http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~erisa-25/kosakuin/warehouse/silke01.htm [Accessed: 18th April 2014] Watanabe, S. J. (n.d.) The Historical Analysis of the Kunitachi Machizukuri Movement: Its Nature and the Role of Professor Shiro Masuda. 15th International Planning History Society Conference. [Online]. Available from: http://www.fau.usp.br/iphs/abstractsAndPapersFiles/Sessions/36/WATANABE.pdf [Accessed: 8th March 2014] Watanabe, S.J. (2006) ââ¬ËMachizukuri in Japan: a historical perspective on participatory community-building initiativesââ¬â¢, in Hein, C. and Pelletier, P. (eds) Cities, Autonomy, and Decentralization in Japan,[Online] London: Routledge, pp.128-138. A vailable from: http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bm[emailprotected]sessionmgr4001vid=1format=EBrid=1 [Accessed: 12th March 2014] Watanabe, S.J. (2007) ââ¬ËToshi keikaku vs machizukuriââ¬â¢, in Sorensen, A. and Funck, C. (eds) Living Cities in Japan: Citizensââ¬â¢ Movements, Machizukuri and Local Environments, [Online] London: Routledge, pp.39-55. Available from: http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bm[emailprotected]sessionmgr4001vid=1format=EBrid=1 [Accessed: 12th March 2014] Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-25643842968079288762020-01-17T21:17:00.001-08:002020-01-17T21:17:05.371-08:00Political PR essayThis practice is useful to inform customers, investors, employees and stakeholders about the products and the political changes and its relevant information. Advertising is part of Public relation Practices through which the message is conveyed about the product to the customer. In media, the mark is only the viewers (Bannered, 2001 In public relation vocation it is significant to know the designing of the communication; through this the PR knows how to write the speech for the company head for the conference held in the public and for the organizations speaker.Political Participation issue The difficulty of unconcerned political participation can be abstracted as equally a source and as a result of lots of the appraisals of democratic ileitis. Public relations practice is ordinarily seen as an ill-disposed methodology described by rivalry, clash, and force battles among chosen delegates. The manifestation of agent majority rule government is regularly joined with a thought of nation al political support that principally incorporates voting in races.In its available structure, on the other hand, agent majority rule government regularly prompts choices ââ¬Å"for the numerous being made by a couple ofâ⬠that incidentally (or not) under-speak to minority (race, class, sex, and so on. ) investments. The majority of Public relation refashions experience the heave of two essentially diverse advances to public relation practices.One is derived from the marketing philosophy of the private segment; moreover the further stays to the conventional perception of the PR (Public relations) practices like a district record, information warehouse, plus foundation stone of democracy. Assessment of Public relation professionals undertaking declarations substantiates that, whereas most Public relation practices operate someplace among these two limits, hardly any have the same opinion on the clear-cut principle of the Public elation practices (De Button, 1997).An alternate di scussion liberated declaration of thoughts- urban PR-?in case, its democratic character had been tested by the relentless infringement of personal investments in the past public coliseums plus with the wish of the public for forbidden and protected relations. Stashers characterizes PR as ââ¬Å"a situation for level headed discussion, the activity of civil rights as residents, and a relation in which the individuals of various foundations are able to take care as an issueâ⬠(Stashers & Thompson, 1997).Genuine PR likewise possesses a soaring level of charge f the user, and is not eased by company or management impedance. The decay of public relations is capable of being followed to similar overall patterns like government rationalizing development of communal force, and the data plus correspondence engineering upheaval. Monetarily strapped urban areas can't stand to keep up public conveniences, for example, stops, and reach rely on upon the private segment to load the crevice. C ommunity squares and shopping centre are in fact PR nevertheless they assimilate with the personal domain. People encompass the right to bar some parts Of inversion with the community. Individuals are greeted provided they are operational, shopping, or consuming there, yet utilization of this kind of liberty isn't a privilege, however a benefit. The prerequisite that this kind of relations is together productive and safe has prompted an interest for aggregate administration and illicit conduct, which blocks biased movement and demoralizes the public measurement of the gap (Midshipman, 1999).It additionally estranges plus debilitates a feeling of having a relation as well as group for huge fragments of civilization. Our expanding inclination for retention and safekeeping ââ¬Å"decreases communal communication as well as differing qualities, but in light of the fact that outsiders of contrasting ages, classes, traditions, sexual orientations, and beliefs have a smaller amount of chan ce to blend in the identical substantial relationsâ⬠(Luckier & Hopkins, 2002). The trouncing of municipal liberty and the consequential absence Of uncased communal relation is harming to a democracy.In what capacity would people be able to create resistance and acknowledgement of contrast in an inexorably different society without procurement of relationship alluding for democratic mixing? In what capacity will the public erudite domain be managed and created if there are no physical relations to help it? These are discriminating concerns during a time of fast changes in electronic correspondence, capable weights towards customer independence, and expanding aberrations in riches and right to use the data (Greenshank & Workpeople, 1995).Listening to the conclusions of others, paying attention to knowledgeable, expressive presenters on different communal and political fears, exposing our perspectives in a community discussion this eye-to-eye operation powers people in assuming l iability intended for their assumptions, as well as to stick to guidelines of common conduct. By taking part completely in these exercises, people set up their personalities to settle on educated decisions regarding which they choose, what they help, and how they help communal pondering. Communal existence is delivered moreover replicated by communal practices that become known in particular spots public talk with the public relations is positively a kind of those persisting as well as fruitful community practicesâ⬠(Luckier & Hopkins, 2002). It possesses uncommon intending to its clients, who embrace ââ¬Å"a profound feeling of spot connection: this kind of relations is a piece of their group, some piece of their communal and social structureâ⬠.Public relations give safe relationship to free public dialog they ââ¬Å"scatter data so the community can take part in the procedures of administration they are like social occasion places for the group to impart investments and issues In due course, talk among educated natives guarantees common society. This guarantees the flexibility to peruse, to inspect, converse, moreover to partakeâ⬠(Crania, 2001). Public discourse can enhance as opposed to just occupy us since existence.Since governments keep away from their democratic based obligation to give the relations that form a genuine public domain and like amendments to innovation and data conveyance both section the public domain plus utmost public talk, Pros-?fair, available, constructive, and sustaining can stride into give the spot to group cooperation that reasoning individuals long for. A pledge by public relations to hand out this key part of just life will require a lobbyist, instead of impartial, political standpoint and a reconsidering of these raciest' undertaking.Nationality in addition to ââ¬Å"The Publicâ⬠in Public Relationships A powerful democracy is established in great citizenship. Citizenship qualifies one for taking part in community issues and chooses the destiny of the group, moreover it supposes ability to maintain the public relationships where these political and communal concerns are examined and determined (Stashers & Thompson, 1997). In antiquated Greek culture, governmental issues were concerned with organization as well as ââ¬Å"with teaching the native as an issue being which created the ability to do something in the communal concernâ⬠(Booking, 1987).Nationality obliged an imaginative incorporation of the single person into his surroundings, requesting a basic personality and a solid feeling of obligation. The Athenians accepted that brilliance in public living was as critical to one's nature advancement as greatness in personal life, and a resident ought to be there as an advantage for general public, group, as well as his relations and companions (for all time ââ¬Å"his,â⬠lamentably; Athenian residency prohibited ladies) (Booking, 1987).Habeas abstracted two different plane ts in present day society and guessed that the framework focused around the emends of matter generation progressively meddles with and misshapes the informative action in which the quest for learning and moral comprehension happens (the life humanity) (Barrater 1991). His hypothesis is supported as community circle exercises are debarred as of popularized public relationships. In shopping centre, some indication of opinionated action distributing handouts, political exchanges and addresses, voter enrolment can prompt the removal of the individuals included.Lawful difficulties to these activities of shopping centre holders have once in a while been fruitful (Bannered, 2001). A lot of people supposed ââ¬Å"publicâ⬠relation zones, for example, shopping Centre confront the meaning Of who comprises ââ¬Å"the public. â⬠These areas are frequently devised situations that ââ¬Å"make a dream of public territory, from which the dangers and vulnerabilities of ordinary life are de liberately altered outâ⬠(Bannered). The ââ¬Å"dangersâ⬠may incorporate individuals, for example, beggars, the metropolitan poor, the down-and-out, youth, and non-traditionalists of different hoops.In People's Park in Berkeley, on ââ¬Å"The mountâ⬠in stone, in Vancouver, in Los Angels, and in Manhattans South Street Seaport, specific gatherings were focused meant or avoidance as of a PR. These activities spoke to an endeavourer to rethink nationality focused around the ethical prerequisite that parts of this kind of gatherings have to take part properly and accordingly ââ¬Å"gainâ⬠their municipal privileges. The battle in People's commons has been among the college and the recreation center's down-and-out populace.Given that an understudy challenge in 1969, the recreation centre had worked as an issue public freedom, exempt corporate or state management, plus an essential image of opinionated force. At that point, in 1991, the college chose to put volleybal l routs in the commons to be useful for the students plus different parts of the community; tragically, the location they decided to change over into a spare time range had been the conventional spot intended for shows and political arranging plus the spot where numerous vagrants rested.This focal territory, which incorporated the liberated visualization stage, was ââ¬Å"a political area that supported unmediated connection,â⬠a spot wherein vagrants could make them noticeable and listened, could assert a few public areas, and accordingly turn into an authentic piece of the public circle. The Park ââ¬Å"gave he space to speaking to the authenticity Of vagrants inside ââ¬Ëthe publicâ⬠ââ¬Ë (Mitchell, 1995). South Street Seaport in Manhattan, an exclusive business range, tries to maintain the ââ¬Å"public relationsâ⬠of its previous inhabitant, an exhibition hall, yet is intentionally restrictive.It avoids the down-and-out populace that involves the close-by reg ion somewhat by its plan yet fundamentally by the utilization of private police energy. Despite the fact that it is not expressed expressly that vagrants are not greeted, furnished police force are adequately scary vicinity to avoid them (Defiles, 1997). In L. A. Vagrants are starved of a public area as well as spots to sit-?recognized by William White as the mainly vital element for an effective public area-?public toilets, and also public consumption wellsprings (Davis, 1992).Indeed limitations on vagabonds rethink citizenship and the utilization of community territories for building relations. Nathalie Des Rosier calls attention to the incongruity of Vancouver begging local laws ââ¬Å"in another liberal express that accentuates insignificant obstruction in private money related exchanges. â⬠The purpose behind these confinements needs to do with the propagating of public regions ND the ââ¬Å"ethical tensions over destitute cash, expecting that destitute use cash On liquor, tobacco, and illicit medications. By making ordinances focused around negative generalizations, we are fortifying ââ¬Å"an elimination manifestation of nationality established in social worries regarding public areasâ⬠(Des, 2002). Stashers depicts the degree to which the industry group of ââ¬Å"The mount,â⬠a college locale in Boulder, were there to confine enter to a gathering of ââ¬Å"counter-civilization early stagesâ⬠subsequent to an especially rough episode. Different people attempt to take care of the issue with no incorporating the adolescent in their exchanges.The vendors had needed to benefit from the bohemian environment of the area without needing to countenance the bohemians. They endeavourer on the way to depict a piece of the public area, I. E. , the alley, to which these youngsters would have be allowed to enter and, in doing in this way, ââ¬Å"endeavourer to make another public to which countercultures gatherings don't have a placeâ⬠(Stash ers & Thompson, 1997). Contradicting to PR ââ¬Å"both cause to be imperceptible that are excluded plus fortifies that imperceptibility through permitting those lilt-in to fondle that they compose the whole communityâ⬠(Defiles, 1997).This refusal helps the expanding underestimation of the underprivileged and the dispossessed and estranges those individuals, for instance, political campaigners, who don't comply with the regulated business perfect of purchasers from inside particular focused on ways of life. Not including of specific groups is established in the presumption that they Will act in an illicit, debilitating or overall wrong way, subsequently heading out clients and restricting open doors for business.In spite of the fact that people ought to e careful regarding following up on the desire of improper direct instead of real terrible conduct, they must admire individuals' sympathy toward their safekeeping. The vicinity of positively undermining people will restrain pub lic cooperation of the more powerless parts of society, for example, ladies and the aged. Incomprehensibly, their pulling out debilitates the group, reduces personal satisfaction, and reinforces the prospective for confusion (Des, 2002).Kristin Day examines alarms ladies boast with Pros and proposes that the off-scrutinized qualities of personalized relations like shopping centre by ay of their attention on utilization, relaxation, safekeeping and restricted conduct and configuration possibly will be well thought-out as great at the time of inspecting ladies' encounters. She outlines the way the characteristics of a genuine public discussion general admittance, democratic blending amongst outsiders, and liberated trade of perspectives and data don't essentially encourage ladies' interest. Access is regularly restricted by a lady's obligations regarding home and youngsters. Blendingâ⬠regularly implies men are eyewitnesses, ladies are watched; ladies are likewise debilitated fro m approaching outsiders for wellbeing reasons. What's more ladies might be constrained to direct their perspectives and conduct to adjust towards a ladylike perfect. Amusingly, of the main five ââ¬Å"PRâ⬠ranges wherein ladies thought they had a feeling of being agreeable, the main genuine public area Was the communal library (Day, 1999). The ordinarily had a view Of the library as an issue and well thought-of spot was affirmed by Luckier with Hopkins in their investigation of significant libraries in Toronto plus Vancouver.They established that ââ¬Å"agreed the soaring number and differing qualities of library linens consistently, no doubt both of these libraries are amongst the most secure public areas in their separate urban communities. â⬠This penchant of wellbeing didn't rely upon vicinity of safety employees and reconnaissance cams to the degree that on the supporters themselves: ââ¬Å"the clients have been generally policing toward oneself: they hold one another under wraps. â⬠The public library, hence is qualified as an issueâ⬠ââ¬Å"public space for relationship fabricating likewise (Luckier & Hopkins, 2002).Conclusion To fight the slaughter of public area and absence of urban commitment, People need to reconstruct communal agenda and re-establish the idealistic organization of Pros. A kind of approach to accomplish this is to bestow a congregation to public talk. A PR constructing by method for libraries is liberated, non-condemnatory, and out of harm. It is open nighttimes and weekends, halfway found, release to each and every group, financial foundations, political and gender introductions, and diversions. It is a genuine public area and a perfect circumstance for outflow of assorted presumptions on opinionated and societal topics. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-696596893931887022020-01-09T17:40:00.001-08:002020-01-09T17:40:04.554-08:00The Issue Of Climate Change Essay - 3155 Words 1) Describe the issue of climate change Climate change is an increase in the average global temperature. Natural events and human activities like driving cars, farming, burning coal and cutting down forests are contributing to the increase of the worlds temperature, primarily caused by increases in greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide. The more greenhouse gases we release, the faster the world s climate heats up. The greenhouse effect is when energy from the sun drives the Earth s weather and climate, heats the worlds surface up and in return the earth radiates energy back into space. But some gases like water vapour and carbon dioxide trap the leaving energy, containing heat on earth. Although greenhouse gases are natural, if too much heat is trapped due to gases, the Earth will become less habitable for humans, animals and plants. When we endure in mine coaling, and burning fossil fuels for things like electricity, cooking and manufacturing we are moving carbon into the atmosphere too rapidly, and replacing it with more than is being removed naturally, making the concentration of gases to increase. The climate increase leads to a change which affects the weather is various ways, the humidity, ocean heat content, sea surface temperature and troposphere (the lowest layer of Earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere) temperature all rise due to the worlds increasing temperature. These can cause extreme natural events too, like floods, storms, cyclones and landslides. Global warming is projectedShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Climate Change1133 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction I. There is an issue on this planet that will define this generation. The issue is climate change. Global warming. A world on the collapse as our oceans are acidified, our air polluted, our forests disappearing, and human rights issues getting worse. It seems that people are not aware of how big climate change actually is. Itââ¬â¢s not something that only takes place on the ice caps or in the forests on the far corners of the world. This is an issue that happens here, and now. Itââ¬â¢s realRead MoreThe Issue Of Climate Change1082 Words à |à 5 PagesThe issue of climate change is people that have created the most carbon dioxide have used more than their share of the atmospheric sink to become rich. The issue of solving climate change though is everyoneââ¬â¢s business, rich and poor countries alike need to solve problems together or risk a global catastrophe. The solution should be to use a global cap and trade system per capita which would compensate poor nations for damag es that rich nations would cause. Climate change has been brought about byRead MoreThe Issue Of Climate Change1564 Words à |à 7 Pagesdangers to humankind due to the issue of climate change. These issues can have a long lasting effect on the world and can cause health risks for humans. Although climate change is a global issue, it doesnââ¬â¢t not affect each region the same. There are many ways that climate change can affect a particular region or sector. The affects could be an area having less rainfall than usual while another area could have a surprising high amount of rainfall. In addition to changes in rainfall consistency, thereRead MoreThe Issue Of Climate Change1321 Words à |à 6 PagesIf one were to ever ask, ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s the biggest issue that humanity is facing right now,â⬠there would be one clear answer. The answer would be the issue that affects everyone in the planet, leaving no area untouched. It would be the one that is destroying the Earthââ¬â¢s limited resources, from remov al the green forests to the tainting of the clear skies and the crystal arctic ice. It would be the issue thatââ¬â¢s killing wildlife, making storms more intense, heating the planetââ¬â¢s surface, and most importantlyRead MoreThe Issue of Climate Change732 Words à |à 3 PagesAccording to Johnson (2010), the issue of climate change has been hotly debated from two main viewpoints: that global warming has resulted from human activity on the one hand; and that it is a myth resulting from flawed research and unverified scientific findings. Those who hold the former view accuse those of the latter persuasion that they are concerned more with perpetuating the fossil fuel industry than creating a safe environment for future human generations. The other side, in turn, are ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Climate Change Essay2043 Words à |à 9 PagesThe issue of climate change is one of the most decisive matters, in determining the ecological state of the world in the foreseeable future. Th e fact is that the globe has been steadily increasing at an alarming rate since the industrial revolution. It is estimated that over the next eighty years, the ecosystem in which we live, will look nearly unrecognizable in a matter of decades. As the magnitude of the problem increases, we will continue to deal with devastating weather events, that will occurRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change957 Words à |à 4 Pages If the issue of global climate change is not addressed properly, it will create enormous economic challenges that will create huge price tags on the global economy; that is why we need to give much attention by proposing international policy because it will bolster cooperation between countries and international organizations by formulating policies for the general good of society. Climate change plays a key role in our day to day activities. The changes in climate will affect our movement, healthRead MoreClimate Change : A Global Issue1056 Words à |à 5 Pa gesCBA Climate Change Cody McLain 1/31/17 While debate rages on regarding responsibility for past greenhouse gas emissions and how to reduce the man-made sources of those gases, the world is actually already committed to adapting to the climate changes that will continue to develop as a result of past emissions. The need to adapt is urgent. Although climate change is a global issue, it shows itself differently at the regional and local levels. Climate chage is already having concerning, and indeedRead MoreClimate Change Is Not A New Issue1552 Words à |à 7 Pagesstated in the previous section, climate change is not necessarily a new issue. However itââ¬â¢s been receiving the spotlight lately, as it should. The issue of the ââ¬Å"Greenhouse Effectâ⬠has been around as early as 1820ââ¬â¢s when scientist Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier theorized that the Earth should be colder than it is. His main idea was that the Earth technically had a blanket around it, trapping in heat and keeping us as warm as we are. Once the idea that climate change was happening was more mainstreamRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change1374 Words à |à 6 PagesThe issue of global climate change is one of the most popular debates in modern day society. For decades, scientists have been battling to find the source of our global climate change. This matter brings to us whether or not humans are accelerating the process of global climate change. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalness of the Earthââ¬â¢s cycle. According Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-49301135781412037732020-01-01T14:06:00.001-08:002020-01-01T14:06:03.347-08:00Emma by Jane Austen Essay - 1491 Words Emma is more unpleasant than appealing. Discuss with reference to the first 9 chapters Essay: ââ¬ËEmmaââ¬â¢ The first line of the novel ââ¬ËEmmaââ¬â¢, by Jane Austen, claims Emma to be ââ¬Ëhandsome, clever, and richââ¬â¢, this sums up Emmaââ¬â¢s character completely. It is important to list these first of all, for fear of the reader to immediately dislike her. Indeed, later on-on the first page, Emmaââ¬â¢s faults are listed, claiming her to have too much of her own way and herself thinking very highly of herself. Emmaââ¬â¢s stubbornness and vanity is mostly the centre of a majority of the novels conflicts, as throughout the novel, Emma attempts to develop emotionally. Austen also portrays Emmaââ¬â¢s weaknesses in more subtle ways, she says althoughâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Apart from feeling upset that Miss Taylor has left, Emma is also upset for her own sake, she is upset that she has no companion in the house and, believes that her father-the only other person that lives in the house-cannot stimulate Emma in conversation mainly because he is senile and doesnââ¬â¢t meet Emma at an intellectual level. The description of Emma in the beginning of this novel can instantly, for the reader, decide whether they are going to like her or not, obviously as her mannerisms are unveiled throughout the first three or so chapters, but the first description of Emma is enough to decide ones mind of her instantly. The fact that she is beautiful, clever and rich leads the reader to image Emma Woodhouse as being fairly high in society, but yet, her real self is not revealed. Emmaââ¬â¢s real self however, is described perfectly with the line ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦did not by any means rank as misfortunes with herââ¬â¢ Here, Austen uses her subtlety to tell the audience that, Emma, for all her graces, cannot see her faults. Austenââ¬â¢s technique makes comments like the one previously mentioned, seem less vulgar and striking. In stead of saying plainly that Miss. Smith is simply dim, or thick, Austen will use a much more subtle approach, saying that she is not of an advanced mind or that she was not the cleverest person, this alternative to the direct word wouldShow MoreRelatedEmma, By Jane Austen1327 Words à |à 6 PagesIn Jane Austenââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Emma,â⬠conversations reveal the social concerns and the character of its participants. Each contributor has a unique and therefore biased perspective that informs how they appear in a conversation. The eponymous protagonist, Emma is oft seen making judgments whether in dialogue or through free indirect discourse, such that her own shortcomings and biases are elucidated. Emma willing enters into a disagreement with her step-brother, Mr. Knightley, on the elusive Frank Churchill.Read MoreEmma by Jane Austen857 Words à |à 4 PagesThe story, Emma, by Jane Austen, is a riveting tale about a heroine who through her determined will to assist others, realizes and attains her own dreams and de sires. The story begins with 21 year old, Emma Woodhouse struggling with the loss of her governess of 16 years and a truly dear friend, Miss Taylor. Miss Taylor recently wedded Mr. Weston and moved half a mile away from the Woodhouses residence at Hartfield. Both Emma and her father are trying to cope with this drastic change and overcomeRead MoreEmma by Jane Austen Essay783 Words à |à 4 PagesIn Emma Jane Austen exposes the limitations of the role of women in her society. Examine Austenââ¬â¢s presentation of what is called in the novel, womenââ¬â¢s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mind. Emma ââ¬â Role of Woman In Emma Jane Austen exposes the limitations of the role of women in her society. Examine Austenââ¬â¢s presentation of what is called in the novel, ââ¬Ëwomenââ¬â¢s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mindââ¬â¢. In Jane Austenââ¬â¢s society, the role of women was controlled by what was Read MoreEssay on Emma by Jane Austen2322 Words à |à 10 PagesLove Emma, by Jane Austen, is a classic comedy that took place in the nineteenth-century near London, England. Emma tells the tale of a heroine attempting to be the matchmaker for everyone, and ultimately herself. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, loses her dear friend and governess, Miss Taylor, to Miss Taylorââ¬â¢s marriage, in which she becomes Mrs. Weston. Emma, in search of another cherished companion, comes across Harriet Smith. Although Harriet comes from a lower class in society, Emma admiresRead MoreA Brief Note On Emma By Jane Austen Essay2070 Words à |à 9 PagesTerm Paper in English 1 On Emma by Jane Austen In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of B.A [HONS.]ENGLISH Submitted by: Supervised by: Rashmi Priya Mrs. Suchi agarwal Amity Institute of English Studies and Research Amity University Uttar Pradesh India DECLARATION I Rashmi Priya student of B.A (Hons.) English of Amity Institute of English Studies and ResearchRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of Emma By Jane Austen1367 Words à |à 6 Pagesworldviews of a person. This is evident in Emma, as Austen uses a unique narrative style to illustrate the power of societal control. The plot of the novel focuses mainly on the theme of strategic matchmaking, however it can also serve as a catalyst to demonstrate the idea of societal authority presented in the novel. There is an emphasis on the Evangelical ideas of strength in community, and in the Lockean ideas of the social order. THESIS The theme of Emma is expressed through word games, and parallelsRead More Emma by Jane Austen Essay example2875 Words à |à 12 PagesAbout the Author Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 at Steventon, England. She was the seventh child of the rector of the parish at Steventon, and lived with her family until they moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. Her father, Reverend George Austen, was from Kent and attended the Tunbridge School before studying at Oxford and receiving a living as a rector at Steventon. Her mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, was the daughter of a patrician family. Among her siblings she hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Jane Austen s Emma2163 Words à |à 9 PagesJane Austenââ¬â¢s Emma follows the life of an overindulged, upper class young woman who, after enduring a crisis brought on by her own pride, is transformed from callow and vain, to a state of mental and emotional maturity. On first reading, the audience may perceive Emmaââ¬â¢s actions as a repression of feelings, but upon closer inspection one can see that she is not suppressing her emotions but simply does not have the level of self-awareness that would allow her to clarify the difference between rightRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Emma By Jane Austen1648 Words à |à 7 PagesAnalysis of Emma by Jane Austen In Jane Austenââ¬â¢s novel, Emma, protagonist Emma avoids her own transformation by her attempts to transform others. However, Emma experiences her coming-of-age through the stable characters of those around her. Austen reveals how self-transformation is necessary in maturing and establishing self-awareness. Emma Woodhouse possesses qualities that many would envy: beauty, intelligence, wealth, and youth. However, the positive aspects of Emma are equally contrastedRead MoreJane Austen s Emma And The Passages 2175 Words à |à 9 Pages2014 Emma by Jane Austen VS Benjamin Franklin Jane Austenââ¬â¢s novel Emma and The passages by Benjamin Franklin talk about the strong opinions their authors have on marriage. While they were both in alive and writing in different times and places, they both have differences and similarities in their opinions on what marriage means to them. My goal in this paper is to talk about those differences and similarities in opinion, by talking about the many character and relationships that are in Jane Austen Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-33577460799120630842019-12-24T09:52:00.001-08:002019-12-24T09:52:03.170-08:00In General, The Word Miseducation Means To Educate... In general, the word miseducation means to educate improperly. There are likely several ways I have been miseducated, some of which I may not even be aware of yet. I have long understood that education can happen outside a classroom. In fact many valuable life lessons were learned just going about day to day activities. Some of the best learnings have come from raising a child, experiencing and enduring tragedy and of course family has provided positive and negative lessons. When I think about miseducation I instantly go to my experiences within the education system. It is ironic to think that the education system may have educated me improperly. I have two university experiences, one past and one present, that provide clarification. Myâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Not exactly the professional I had aimed to become. I worked a position that did not require a degree. I was fortunate on my second application and did go onto become a Registered Dietitian. Those that were unsuccessful at securing an internship never became Dietitians. Some went back to university and some to general jobs in society. This program has since been significantly revised. Today, the internship is integrated into the program. If you are accepted into the program you will still graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Dietetics and immediately be eligible to register as a Dietitian. No one is miseducated of the outcome when applying to the program today. My second university experience is occurring at present. I have enrolled in the twelve month Bachelor of Education program to become an elementary teacher. I hope to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts much to my familyââ¬â¢s surprise. From day one we have been educated on the pitfalls of the current education system. We have been guided to examine the system, the purpose of school and the hidden curriculum with a critical eye. We have been encouraged to promote democratic and enacted learning, to take brain breaks and we have been taught that the brain is incapable of learning when it is in a stressed state. We have seen wonderful examples of teachers modeling enacted learning and by no means do I mean my comments to be disrespectful of any instructor. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-82269585942308944522019-12-16T06:22:00.001-08:002019-12-16T06:22:05.333-08:00Gangsterism in the 1920ââ¬â¢s Free Essays ââ¬Å"The Roaring Twenties,â⬠; what a perfect aphorism. It was certainly roaring with music and dance, but it also was roaring with gangsters. In the aspect of gangsterism, the thirties were also roaring. We will write a custom essay sample on Gangsterism in the 1920ââ¬â¢s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Americans in this time period tolerated criminals, especially those involved in bootlegging. Bootlegging is the smuggling of illegal substances. Bootlegging could have possibly been tolerated because of the recent outlaw of alcohol during this time period, known as the Prohibition. Gangsters were involved in bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, organized crime, and racketeering. Al ââ¬Å"Scarface ââ¬Å" Capone, Bonnie and Clyde, and John Dillinger were the headliners of this era. Gangsterism provided a risky job but maximum rewards in a time when jobs were scarce and our country was in the midst of a depression. When Congress passed the eighteenth amendment, alcohol was banned in every way from America. People who were addicted to alcohol and even those who were accustomed to the casual drink still had a demand for it. Many would pay top dollar for a drink, they didnââ¬â¢t think obtaining alcohol would be too immoral because it was legal just a few years back. Citizens would hold private socials and would serve alcohol to all of the guests, this was usually done by the wealthy because of the high cost of alcohol. This opened up many opportunities for those who were willing to take risks and bootleg illegal alcohol to the country. With money flowing like water to many of these gangsters, greed began to grow rapidly among them. They began to explore more demoralizing fields of work. These gangsters began to open speakeasies, which were like old west taverns with prostitution, gambling, and of course, drinking. Speakeasies always had cover charges ranging from five dollars to twenty-five dollars, depending on the price of alcohol at the time. Americaââ¬â¢s obsession for alcohol allowed the owners to charge any price they wanted. Thousands of speakeasies were located in Chicago, which meant that tens-of-thousands of speakeasies were spread around the country, with most in the large cities. So many Americans were sneaking around under the law that moral values began to dwindle. Gangsters moved up in the ranks and began more vicious crimes such as murder and massive theft. Most of these crimes were necessary to keep business alive. Murder was widespread because some people who would be paid to keep quiet would talk, in return they would be dealt withâ⬠¦very harshly. In 1929, gangsters from across the country gathered in Atlantic City, New Jersey to meet with one another. Leaders from all of the major crime syndicates attended. At the meeting, they made agreements on boundaries and a their ââ¬Å"governmentâ⬠to make sure relations between groups were peaceful. Anyone who broke these rules were, again, dealt withâ⬠¦very harshly. One of the most famous crime bosses ever was Al Capone. His nickname was ââ¬Å"scarface. â⬠which is used as a nickname in many mobster movies. He had his own armyâ⬠¦seven thousand strong. He owned ten thousand speakeasies, and he was involved in all of the traditional gangster activities such as prostitution and gambling. Many politicians and police officers were on the payroll of Capone. Because of his one-hundred million dollar annual income, he had no problem maintaining this kind of lifestyle. Caponââ¬â¢s most famous quote is ââ¬Å"When I sell liquor, itââ¬â¢s bootlegging. When my patrons serve it on silver trays on Lake Shore Drive, itââ¬â¢s hospitality. â⬠In 1929, a rival boss, Bugs Moran, began to infringe on Caponeââ¬â¢s territory. He sent some of his ââ¬Å"boysâ⬠, disguised as police officers, to one of Moranââ¬â¢s drop-off spots for alcohol. They disarmed Moranââ¬â¢s men and then sprayed many rounds in to their bodies, ending Moranââ¬â¢s career as a gangster. This is known as the St. Valentineââ¬â¢s Day Massacre. After the Massacre, Caponeââ¬â¢s freedom and iron-fisted control was on the decline because of the Public Enemies List. Law enforcement tried to nail him for any offense for which they could get proof, the only one was tax evasion. Capone served eleven years in prison and left wrecked by syphilis. He died peacefully in his home and was buried next to his father and grandfather in Chicagoââ¬â¢s west side. Other criminals took advantage of corrupt law enforcement and went on sprees of killing and looting. Bonnie and Clyde are two famous sidekicks who drove over the country committing murder after murder and robbery after robbery. After eight years of ludicrous behavior, the couple was gunned down outside of Arcadia, Louisiana by law enforcement. Because it was as if the law was a minority, the coupleââ¬â¢s bodies were displayed as if they were prizes. Another criminal was John Dillinger, he was a pioneer in organized crime. He would time switching of guards, find escape routes, and always have a safe house. He had many informants on the ââ¬Å"insideâ⬠that were paid to assist him. One particular time in Wisconsin, the FBI and police officers had him surrounded in a lodge and charged in to capture him and he mysteriously vanished eaving the government embarrassed. Dillinger was finally killed when he and his girlfriend were exiting the movie theatre and was met by several rounds of ammunition fired by awaiting law enforcement. Law enforcement of the day was struggling badly. It had police who were under the payroll of organized crime, police who would participate in illegal activities themselves, and morale was hard to come by. Police would not cooperate with one another and share information. The men with the still-good hearts had a desire for personal glory, the hero. he Federal Bureau of Investigation began massive manhunts to destroy gangsterism, and they finally were successful by sending many undercover agents in to the mobs themselves and secretly in to the speakeasies. The success is remembered by an image the FBI has today. It is known as the countryââ¬â¢s premier law enforcement agency. Gangsterism was a powerful part of the twenties and thirties. Gangsterism was caused by a domino effect, beginning with Prohibition. Unlike most at the time, they received the Prohibition with open arms. It meant monopoly on liquor, which meant opportunity for money. Greed and lust for power fed these ââ¬Å"czarsâ⬠of cities, commanders of armies. Prohibition ceased after 1933 with the passing of the twenty-first amendment, which legalized alcoholic beverages. Gangsters began to fade along with their prominent source of incomeâ⬠¦liquor. Some of these gangsters were thrown in jail and others quit before they could be caught. When Capone was apprehended, he said, chuckling, ââ¬Å"All I ever did was supply a demand,â⬠How to cite Gangsterism in the 1920ââ¬â¢s, Essay examples Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-54401859379326349582019-12-08T03:06:00.001-08:002019-12-08T03:06:03.094-08:00Engineering Team and the State Competition Essay Example For Students Engineering Team and the State Competition Essay I was sixteen when I began my sophomore year at Highland School of Technology. I had been picked through a lottery to get into this special high school, and because of this, I was given many opportunities. I joined the Technology Student Association (TSA) that was available at my school because my career pathway ended up being Manufacturing Engineering. Although my true intentions didnââ¬â¢t fall along the lines of Engineering, I still learned a lot and had fun while doing it. Iââ¬â¢m glad my teachers at the school encouraged me to join TSA. The club challenged me to think creatively and improved my team-building skills. Mr. Wingfield, our academy coordinator, was super glad I joined the club. Each year we had Regional, State, and National TSA events to go and compete in as a school. There were many different fields of events to choose from and compete in against other high schools. He hoped I would take this opportunity seriously and pick a field that I felt I could be successful in. After our first TSA meeting, I went home and thought long and hard about the event I could be triumphant in. Soon enough, I had my first meeting in the Engineering lab at the school. Mr. Winfield and the other staff members asked us to pick our top two competition choices. After an internal debate, I had decided that Iââ¬â¢d feel most comfortable with joining the Animatronics team. In Animatronics, the participants were required to demonstrate knowledge of mechanical and control systems by designing, fabricating, and controlling an animatronics device that would communicate, entertain, inform, and demonstrate and/or illustrate a topic, idea, subject or concept. I was super happy I made the choice to enter this competition; even my engineering teachers agreed that this event would suit me. I knew it was going to be a demanding task but we, as a school, were known for receiving first place in Animatronics for the past five years. The team met in the engineering lab each week on Tuesdays and Thursdays. We immediately started brainstorming different ideas and ways we could make a super cool and intellectual device. After a short debate, we finally came to a conclusion that we would create a robotic Mickey Mouse. Now this definitely was doable, but it certainly was something we could not procrastinate on if we wanted a trophy. Right off the bat, we started mapping out how we would shape the mouse with the wood supply our teachers had given us. I thought it would be a good idea to make a wooden box, with wooden arms and place a basketball on top of the box for its head. My team agreed that this was a fantastic idea, so we took the wood over to the Vertical saw mill and cut out the parts that we needed. After we constructed the parts together and painted over it, we had our lively-looking Mickey Mouse. Next, the hard part, we needed to add electronics to the device so it could demonstrate a concept. Our team leader decided that because of time rush, we should make his arms move as if they were trying to greet a new person with a handshake. This was difficult for high school students to create, but with our engineering teacherââ¬â¢s advice, it was feasible. I was assigned to attach wires to certain DCVââ¬â¢s that would trigger the arms to move. This took great dedication and required that I spent many days after school in the engineering lab. It took a couple of trial and errors; I had troubles attaching the right wires into the corresponding slots in the DCVSââ¬â¢s. After many trials I was successful and the wires turned on the DCVââ¬â¢s, which in essence moved the arms up and down in a handshaking moment. I was proud of myself and seemed to have impressed my teammates, my teachers, and the academy coordinator. Before we knew it, the month of March had arrived. .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .postImageUrl , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:hover , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:visited , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:active { border:0!important; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:active , .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22 .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud756c67f5caa73a727efae97ccaeda22:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: EMANUEL KAKAOUNAKIS EssayIt was finally time to go to the state competition and present our project to the judges of TSA. My team did numerous background checks and touch ups on the animatronic device before we walked into the competition room. Eventually it was time, and we walked in with our project to the event room. The moment we entered the room the judges started assessing each device. We all had our fingers crossed in hopes to receive first place. After a long hour, the judges brought us all together to announce the results. Our device received the second place award. Although, we didnââ¬â¢t win first place, which was unfortunate, the team was super happy with second place, and all in all, I am glad that I chose to be in the animatronic competition. The competition taught me new skills in the engineering lab and helped me develop better team-building skills. I often think that maybe if we had devoted more time to the project it couldââ¬â¢ve received a better placing, but Iââ¬â¢ll never know for sure. I am super glad I had this experience because I enjoyed learning about engineering. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-48566443861045116792019-11-30T14:47:00.001-08:002019-11-30T14:47:03.968-08:00Top Study Abroad Programs This Summer Jealous of all your other friends studying abroad this summer? Donââ¬â¢t be - itââ¬â¢s not too late for you to apply! There are programs with later start dates, and StudyAbroadEurope will help you navigate through the options that best suit your interests. Here are the top 3 programs we recommend:1. Summer in Florenceââ¬Å"Italy is a dream that keeps returning for the rest of your life.â⬠- Anna Akhmatova A summer in Florence will make you beg for more. This program at the Florence University of the Art will give you the opportunity to study at the School of Liberal Arts, School of Food and Wine, School of Digital Imaging and Visual Arts, and more! Donââ¬â¢t miss out on the chance to study abroad in the heart of the Italian renaissance. Click here to learn more about the program! Summer Session I Dates: May 15th, 2016 - June 3rd, 2016 Summer Session II Dates: June 5th, 2016 - June 24th, 2016 Summer Session III Dates: June 26th, 2016 - July 15th, 2016 Summer Session IV Dates: July 17th, 2016 - August 5th, 2016 Cost: $3,950Apply now! 2. Archaeology program in BulgariaDid you know that Bulgarians shake their heads to say ââ¬Å"yesâ⬠and nod to say ââ¬Å"noâ⬠? If youââ¬â¢re interested in archaeology but not sure if you want to pursue it, this program is tailor-made for you. Take a trip to Bulgaria and spend 2 weeks at the excavation site of the Neolithic Settlement Illindentsi. Whether youââ¬â¢re a beginner or an advanced archaeologist, youââ¬â¢ll get hands on experience on the excavation site. Youââ¬â¢ll also get to learn more about the Bulgarian culture, and you can cross visiting a UNESCO World Heritage Site off your list, because youââ¬â¢ll be living in the foothills of the Pirin Mountains. Learn more here! Dates: June 11th, 2016 - June 25th, 2016 or June 26th, 2016 - July 10th, 2016 Cost: $2,250Apply now!3. Summer in UK at Arts University BournemouthThough it might come as a surprise, Bournemouth was one of the most popular concert stops of The Beatles. This beach resort town houses the Arts University Bournemouth, and is the place to go this summer if you want to pursue further education in the arts. Youââ¬â¢ll have 3 weeks of classes that will allow you to dive into the deep end and pick up skills you didnââ¬â¢t have before, whether you study animation or cosmetics. Read more about the program. Dates: July 11th, 2016 - July 19th, 2016 or August 1st, 2016 - August 19th, 2016 Cost: $3,550Apply now! Spice up your summers with a taste of Europe! Travel and get comfortable with being own your own. Studying abroad will allow you to learn unfamiliar cultures and customs, and may even give you a new perspective on life! If you are interested in studying in other European countries, StudyAbroadEurope also offers programs in France, Greece, Morocco and more! If you want more information from StudyAbroadEurope, fill out this survey below: Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-84827519392809283472019-11-26T05:37:00.001-08:002019-11-26T05:37:04.936-08:00Learn What Colleges Look for in an ApplicantLearn What Colleges Look for in an Applicant College applications vary from one college to the next, and every college and university has slightly different criteria for determining which students to admit. Still, the list below should give you a good sense of the admissions factors considered by most schools. Academics and College Applications Rigor of secondary school record: Did you take challenging and accelerated classes, or did you pad your schedule with gym and easy As? At nearly all colleges and universities, a strong academic record is the single most important part of your application. Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, Honors, and dual enrollment classes all play an important role i the admissions process.Class rank: How do you compare to your classmates? Dont worry if your school doesnt rank students- colleges use this information only when available. Also keep in mind that your high school counselor can put your rank into context if, for example, your class had an unusual number of extremely strong students.Academic GPA: Are your grades high enough to indicate that you will be successful in college? Realize that colleges are likely to recalculate your GPA is your school uses weighted grades, and colleges are often most interested in your grades in core academic subjects.Standardized test scores: H ow did you perform on the SAT or ACT? Do your general or subject tests reveal particular strengths or weaknesses? Note that a good SAT score or good ACT score isnt necessary everywhere- there are hundreds of colleges that have test-optional admissions. Recommendation: What do your teachers, coaches, and other mentors say about you? Letters of recommendation can play a meaningful role in the admissions process, for they give the college a different perspective on your accomplishments. Good recommendation letters typically address both academic and nonacademic issues. Nonacademic Factors in College Admissions Application essay: Is your essay well-written? Does it present you as a person who will make a good campus citizen? Nearly all selective colleges have holistic admissions, and the essay is a place where you can really make your personality and passions set your application apart from other applicants.Interview: If you met with a college representative, how personable and articulate were you? Does your character show promise? Have you demonstrated your sincere interest in the school by asking specific and meaningful questions? Did you have strong answers to common interview questions?Extracurricular activities: Are you involved with non-academic clubs and organizations? Do you have a variety of interests that suggest you have a well-rounded personality? There are dozens of options for extracurricular activities, but the best activities are those in which you can demonstrate leadership and accomplishments.Talent/ability: Is there an area where you truly excel, such as music or athletic s? Students with a truly remarkable talent can often be admitted even when other application components arent quite as strong as the could be. Character/personal qualities: Do the pieces of your application paint a picture of someone who is mature, interesting, and bighearted? Keep in mind that colleges arent just looking for smart and accomplished applicants. They want to enroll students who will enrich the campus community in meaningful ways.First generation: Did your parents attend college? This factor isnââ¬â¢t usually weighted heavily, but some schools do try to target first-generation college students.Alumni/ae relation: Are you a legacy applicant? Having a family member who attended the same school can help a little, for itââ¬â¢s in the collegeââ¬â¢s interest to build a familyââ¬â¢s loyalty.Geographical residence: Where are you from? Most schools want geographic diversity within their student body. As an example, a student from Montana might have an advantage over a student from Massachusetts when applying to an East Coast Ivy League school.State residency: This is usually a factor only for public univers ities. Sometimes in-state applicants will receive preference because state funding of the school is designated for students from that state. Religious affiliation/commitment: Your faith may be a factor for some colleges that have a religious affiliation.Racial/ethnic status: Most colleges believe that a diverse student body leads to a better educational experience for all students. Affirmative Action has proven to be a controversial policy, but youll find it often plays a role in the admissions process.Volunteer work: Have you given generously of your time? Volunteer work speaks to the question of ââ¬Å"characterâ⬠above.Work experience: Colleges like to see applicants with work experience. Even if your work was at a fast-food joint, it can show that you have a strong work ethic and good time management skills.Level of applicantââ¬â¢s interest: Not all schools keep track of an applicants interest, but at many schools demonstrated interest plays a role in the admissions process. Colleges want to accept students who are eager to attend. Attending information sessions, open houses, and campus tours can all help show your interest, as can well-crafted supplemental essays that are truly specific to a particular school. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-36299499981560596282019-11-22T13:00:00.001-08:002019-11-22T13:00:07.188-08:00The Tin Mans Toxic Metal MakeupThe Tin Mans Toxic Metal Makeup Ray Bolger originally was cast to play the Tin Man in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz. He traded roles with Buddy Ebsen, who had initially been cast to play the Scarecrow. Ebsen recorded all his songs, finished four weeks of rehearsal, and completed costuming before the filming of the movie. MGM tested several types of costumes and makeup to make the Tin Man appear silvery. They tried covering Ebsen with tin, silvery paper, and silver cloth-covered cardboard. Finally, they decided to go with white face paint coated with aluminum dust. Lung Failure and Hospitalization Nine days into filming, Ebsen started to experience shortness of breath and cramping that sent him to the hospital. At one point his lungs failed. He remained hospitalized for two weeks during which the films producer hired actor Jake Haley toà replace him. Haleys makeup was reformulated into a paste that was painted on. Haley missed four days of filming when the makeup caused an eye infection, but he did not suffer any permanent damage, nor did he lose his job. Still, Ebsen may have had the last laugh: He outlived both Bolger and Haley- living to the ripe old age of 95 and dying in 2003, more than half a century after The Wizard was released. Fun Fact Ebsens recording of Were Off to See the Wizard with Dorothy, the Scarecrow, and the Cowardly Lion, was used in the films soundtrack. Dont Suffer the Tin Mans Fate While there are several toxic chemicals found in cosmetics, you wont get sick wearing metallic makeup today. Safe Tin Man makeup is available, or better yet, make your own with homemade white grease paint coated with metallic glitter or Mylar. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-87422718737377847062019-11-20T23:42:00.001-08:002019-11-20T23:42:04.776-08:00Race and Intersectionality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsRace and Intersectionality - Essay Example The paper tells that according to Eliot, intersectionality is the study of the intersections between various disenfranchised minority groups. To be specific, it is the study of the multiple systemsââ¬â¢ interactions of discrimination and oppression. It is a study methodology of relationships among many modalities and dimensions of subject formations and social relationships. Racism is an issue of actions, practices, and views that are not only desirable based on gender because they contribute to a sense of superiority and inferiority. It reflects the humanity belief segmented in groups with women experiencing the highest effect of racism than men. Eliot points out that intersectionality tries to look into how and suggests different categories of culture, social and biology interact on many simultaneous levels thus contributing to socially unequal systems. Furthermore, Smith explains that intersectionality is of the stand that traditional conceptualization of acts of oppression in the whole society such as sexism, religion, and racism do not function independently, however, these oppression forms interrelate creating oppression systems that portray the multiple forms intersection of discrimination. ââ¬Å"Racism is not an effect but a tactic in the internal fission of society into binary opposition, a means of creatingââ¬Ëbiologizedââ¬â¢ internal enemies, against whom society must defend itselfâ⬠. ... Moreover, another example ââ¬Å"when my son was born I had been deadened with a needle in my spine. He was shown to me-the incredible miracle nothing prepared me for-then taken from me in the name of medical progressâ⬠. From the examples, intellectuality is being portrayed in the hospital set up. Stripping away a baby is like stripping a mother all her motherly rights. This portrays how gender is being reflected in the intersectionalism. According to Smith, as individuals seek to create a socially fulfilling and just everyday life and as a colle ction seeking to make history through social movements and political actions, we struggle with unstable connections between class, gender, and race. The explanatory and methodological framework for connecting all these three different axes difference and identity, of antagonism and alliance remains elusive. Harjo observes that any comparative history suggests that solidarity demand across class; race and lines of gender are most likely to compete than to coalesce. According to Eliot, social inequality different intersections are called matrix of domination. This can also be referred to as vectors of privileged and oppression. This term explains how differences in people like class, sexual orientation, age, race among others act as measures of oppression towards the women and finally change experiences in society as living like a woman. Smith explains how women for many years have been raped in wars, the immigrants and the blacks to show them their inferiority or for the men to stamp their authority. For many years the societies have had thinking that influence and fuels oppression and intensify these differences further. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-12221451649026704712019-11-19T05:45:00.001-08:002019-11-19T05:45:04.485-08:00Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5Report - Essay Example competition but has had to dictate and shape organisations in terms of what consumers wants, how and when they want it and what they are prepared to pay for it (Hagan 1996:1). Kanter (1995:71) on his work of ââ¬Å"Mastering Changeâ⬠argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because success is based on an organisationââ¬â¢s ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). This paper focuses on Tesco and using certain analytical techniques such as the PESTLE framework and Porterââ¬â¢s competitive advantage to diagnose the activities of the company in the phase of the global financial crisis. The last part of the paper uses the cultural and the organisational paradigm to challenge the taken for granted assumption and consequently design a way forward change program for Tesco. Tesco PLC is an international retailer. According to the company web page, the principal activity of the Company is food retailing with over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China. On September 30, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose of its operation in Taiwan to Carrefour as part of a transaction to acquire Carrefours businesses in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Company 2007 Report). The company is in simple insurance, telecoms, personal finance and recycling. The Tesco Plc website states ââ¬Å"shareholders. Today the Group operates in 12 markets outside the UK, in Europe, Asia and North America. Over 160,000 employees work in our international businesses, serving over 28 million customers and generating à £13.8 Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-63754007512537602112019-11-16T18:17:00.001-08:002019-11-16T18:17:06.528-08:00Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free Charles Dickens Essay Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is one of the most popular classics of our time. Dickens novel was, some may say the work of a genius. The tale is of a boy who starts from humble beginnings and whom the story follows through to young adulthood each entering a new experience for the boy. Charles Dickens wrote the novel in 1860-61. He was born into a respected middle class family, in Charlton. He incorporated local features and happenings into his books when he could. His father went into debt and then prison after his finances collapsed. The rest of the family had to go to, so Charles spent time in prison. This is where Charles Dickens got some of his inspiration for his book. He eventually died at the age of fifty-eight from a stroke and was buried in his local churchyard. Chapter eight is an essential part of the book because it conveys a clear image of the characters personality and is a key part for the rest of the story. I will look in Chapter 8, where Pip goes to see Miss Havishams house for the first time, for a number of different techniques and devices which the writer uses to make us feel sympathy for Pip. Charles Dickens starts making the reader feel sorry for Pip when he and Mr Pumblechoke arrive at the gates, and Estella greets them. They completely over look Pip. This shows that Pip is unessential and insignificant. This, said Mrs Pumblechoke, is Pip This is Pip, is it? returned the young lady come in Oh she says, you wish to see Miss Havisham? If Miss Havisham wishes to se me. Returned Mr Pumblechoke. As you can see, from this initial conversation, Pip does not have the opportunity to introduce himself. This shows that he is considered to be insignificant, even though it was he who Miss Havisham had sent to see. This makes the reader feel condolence for Pip because it is as if people dont care about him. After the initial conversation, when Pip was marched inside with Estella, Estella starts to patronise Pip, which makes us feel sorry for him. But dont loiter, boy Though she called me boy so often, and with a carelessness that was far from complimentary, she was about my own age. She seemed much older than, of course, being a girl, and a beautiful and self-possessed; and she was as scornful of me as if she had been one and twenty, and a queen This paragraph shows us that Pip is already feeling downhearted about Estella constantly making him feel bad. Even though Estella was about the same age as Pip, she considers herself to be wiser, more mature and generally above Pips level. This is showed in the film by Estella being taller than Pip and looking down on him making her think herself bigger than him. This makes the reader feel sympathetic towards Pip because it is his first visit to Miss Havishams. He is evidently nervous and anxious, and having someone of his own age being scornful towards him, his self-confidence just breaks. The third time in chapter eight that the reader is made to feel sorry for Pip is when Pip was left in the hallway on his own with no light. Scornfully walked away, and what was worse took the candle with her. This was very uncomfortable and I was half afraid This makes the reader feel sympathetic for Pip because he is portrayed as being vulnerable. Estella leads Pip into the house and to a door, and was proclaimed by Estella to go in. Pip declines and returns with after you miss. Estella telling him not to be so stupid and scornfully walks off with the light. You would think that now Estella had gone, his situation would have improved but this is not the case. He is about to embark on his first meeting with Miss Havisham, making him hesitant and nervous. His confidence is not helped by standing outside the door in darkness, with no candle. Pip is now viewed as being vulnerable. Soon after Pip swallows his pride and opens the withered and wrecked door handle. No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it. It was a dressing room, as I supposed from the furniture, though much of it was of forms and uses quite unknown of to me Pip enters through the door and is met by a milky white room. Although well lit by candle. There is antiqued furniture, all of which added to the mood, as if nobody had lived there for quite some time. The clocks had also stopped at twenty minutes to nine. The reader then feels sympathetic towards Pip because of his already nervous state being placed in an eerie, scary atmosphere, which seems unnatural to the poor boy. The reader once again feels sorry for Pip when he is ordered to play cards with Estella, for Miss Havishams viewing. Estella once again starts to be obnoxious towards Pip. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7337553764947280086.post-35973534256046251312019-11-14T06:49:00.001-08:002019-11-14T06:49:04.310-08:00computers in education :: essays research papers It is now about fifteen years since microcomputers and therefore educational computing began to appear in schools. Since that time there has been much excitement with regard to the role that these machines would have on education in our schools. During that fifteen years, we have seen many examples of uses of computers in school. Teachers experimented with this technology in their teaching. These teachers spent many hours of their own time coming to grips with this technology and setting up activities. As time has progessed, so has the emphasis placed on educational computing. These changes of emphasis are the result of many changes in computers like, increased power and capabilities of hardware and software, increased availability of the technology in schools, advances in other technologies such as communications technologies. The introduction of computers into schools has not significantly changed the way teachers teach. Some possible reasons for this would include: High school students using computers as part of their studies began in the early - mid 1970's. In most cases this took the form of students and teachers accessing remotely and centrally located mainframe computers indirectly (through specially marked cards sent in via post). The students took elementary computer programming exercises in a language like Fortran to run on the machine.. Generally there was no direct access to a computer in their school. The role of the traditional teacher in these circumstances was hardly affected. At the same time teachers in at least one state could request printouts of randomly generated sets of arithmetic problems, together with answers. These were then duplicated for the class to work through. Other types of activities like mazes and spelling games such as jumbled words and wordmazes were also available. Teachers from both primary and secondary schools availed themselves of this service. The role of the teacher continued to be one of selecting the resources required for use within their teaching just as it would have been had computers not been around. Towards the end of the 1970's, microcomputers began to appear on the market. Machines like the Apple II, Tandy TRS-80 and Commodore PET and BBC Model B began to gain popularity. Education Department had purchased some computers which were loaned to schools for short periods of time. The beginning of the 1980's saw the first awakenings that computers may well have a place within schools themselves. Suddenly there was available a relatively low cost, small, yet powerful computer which did not need the progamming skills of the computers of earlier. Dominic Stonehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307786532921450204noreply@blogger.com0